Table 2.
Changes to glycemic control parameters after 12-wk intervention period
| P | M | E+P | E+M | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose, mmol/l | ||||
| Pre | 5.34 ± 0.18 | 5.23 ± 0.24 | 5.45 ± 0.25 | 5.86 ± 0.21 |
| Post | 5.29 ± 0.12 | 5.28 ± 0.25 | 5.41 ± 0.21 | 5.49 ± 0.13* |
| Insulin, pmol/l | ||||
| Pre | 139.9 ± 28.9 | 152.9 ± 27.5 | 94.9 ± 11.5 | 95.6 ± 20.8 |
| Post | 149.9 ± 34.0 | 119.7 ± 26.3 | 84.5 ± 9.7* | 80.3 ± 13.9 |
| C-peptide, pmol/l | ||||
| Pre | 874.1 ± 151.0 | 1375.1 ± 142.8 | 1154.9 ± 195.8 | 1052.2 ± 96.4 |
| Post | 969.8 ± 142.3 | 1226.4 ± 150.7 | 983.2 ± 169.3* | 765.8 ± 76.4* |
| Insulin sensitivity (Rd/I), mg·kg FFM−1·pmol−1·ml−1 | ||||
| Pre | 8.9 ± 1.8 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 6.2 ± 0.9 | 8.1 ± 1.7 |
| Post | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 8.1 ± 1.9* | 11.6 ± 1.8* | 10.8 ± 1.5* |
| PI/I, pmol | ||||
| Pre | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.11 | 0.24 ± 0.04 |
| Post | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ± 0.08 | 0.19 ± 0.02 |
| PI/C, nmol/pmol | ||||
| Pre | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.17 ± 0.03 |
| Post | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.17 ± 0.04 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.05 |
| Hepatic extraction, % | ||||
| Pre | 71.2 ± 3.8 | 74.4 ± 4.0 | 84.4 ± 1.7 | 84.2 ± 3.1 |
| Post | 75.8 ± 3.2 | 79.5 ± 3.2 | 83.3 ± 2.6 | 79.8 ± 5.1 |
Data are presented as means ± SE. Rd, rate of glucose disappearance; FFM, fat-free mass; PI/I, fasting proinsulin-to-insulin ratio; PI/C, fasting proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio.
*
Significant change from baseline (P < 0.05).