Table 6.
Parameter Estimates for Generalized Estimating Equation Models Examining Social Comparison Direction as a Predictor of Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Thoughts and Urges Over the Same Short-Term Assessment Period
| Criterion Variable | Predictor Variables | B | SE | Wald χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body dissatisfaction Pseudo-R2 = .937 |
Covariates | ||||
| Negative affect | .01 | .01 | 1.54 | .214 | |
| BMI | .01 | .01 | 1.06 | .303 | |
| Main Predictor Variables | |||||
| Upward body comparison | .27 | .07 | 16.58 | <.001 | |
| Downward body comparison | −.10 | .08 | 1.54 | .215 | |
| Upward eating comparison | .21 | .05 | 16.77 | <.001 | |
| Downward eating comparison | .04 | .06 | .46 | .496 | |
| Upward exercise comparison | .08 | .07 | 1.08 | .299 | |
| Downward exercise comparison | −.10 | .10 | 1.00 | .317 | |
|
| |||||
| Restriction thoughts Pseudo-R2 = .867 |
Covariates | ||||
| Body dissatisfaction | .01 | .001 | 42.39 | <.001 | |
| Negative affect | .02 | .01 | 4.60 | .032 | |
| BMI | .01 | .01 | 2.42 | .120 | |
| Main Predictor Variables | |||||
| Upward body comparison | −.07 | .05 | 2.00 | .158 | |
| Downward body comparison | .01 | .05 | .01 | .907 | |
| Upward eating comparison | −.01 | .05 | .05 | .825 | |
| Downward eating comparison | .14 | .04 | 11.69 | .001 | |
| Upward exercise comparison | −.08 | .05 | 2.53 | .112 | |
| Downward exercise comparison | .02 | .05 | .13 | .715 | |
|
| |||||
| Exercise thoughts Pseudo-R2 = .890 |
Covariates | ||||
| Body dissatisfaction | .01 | .002 | 11.97 | .001 | |
| Negative affect | .01 | .01 | 1.02 | .313 | |
| BMI | −.0002 | .01 | .001 | .981 | |
| Main Predictor Variables | |||||
| Upward body comparison | −.05 | .04 | 1.34 | .247 | |
| Downward body comparison | −.02 | .04 | .19 | .660 | |
| Upward eating comparison | .004 | .04 | .01 | .914 | |
| Downward eating comparison | .01 | .04 | .10 | .747 | |
| Upward exercise comparison | −.09 | .05 | 3.81 | .051 | |
| Downward exercise comparison | .07 | .04 | 2.85 | .091 | |
|
| |||||
| Vomit thoughts Pseudo-R2 = .638 |
Covariates | ||||
| Body dissatisfaction | .004 | .001 | 10.45 | .001 | |
| Negative affect | .04 | .01 | 9.61 | .002 | |
| BMI | −.03 | .02 | 2.25 | .134 | |
| Main Predictor Variables | |||||
| Upward body comparison | .02 | .06 | .13 | .722 | |
| Downward body comparison | −.02 | .05 | .26 | .611 | |
| Upward eating comparison | .15 | .08 | 3.82 | .051 | |
| Downward eating comparison | −.04 | .04 | 1.20 | .273 | |
| Upward exercise comparison | −.03 | .06 | .19 | .661 | |
| Downward exercise comparison | −.06 | .05 | 1.47 | .225 | |
|
| |||||
| Binge eating urges Pseudo-R2 = .778 |
Covariates | ||||
| Body dissatisfaction | .01 | .002 | 18.95 | <.001 | |
| Negative affect | .04 | .001 | 18.25 | <.001 | |
| BMI | −.02 | .02 | .72 | .396 | |
| Main Predictor Variables | |||||
| Upward body comparison | −.05 | .07 | .45 | .504 | |
| Downward body comparison | .05 | .07 | .48 | .489 | |
| Upward eating comparison | .10 | .06 | 2.54 | .111 | |
| Downward eating comparison | −.11 | .06 | 3.34 | .068 | |
| Upward exercise comparison | −.11 | .06 | 3.36 | .067 | |
| Downward exercise comparison | −.22 | .06 | 13.69 | <.001 | |
Note. BMI = body mass index.