TABLE 1.
Clinical Scores for Each Group and Visit in a Trial of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) From the Amygdala for Major Depressive Disorder
| Measure and Group | Visit 1: Baseline
|
Visit 2: rtfMRI-nf
|
Visit 3: rtfMRI-nf
|
Visit 4: Follow-Up
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale | ||||||||
| Experimental group | 23.5 | 9.9 | 22.5 | 10.2 | 14.4a | 9.8 | 11.9a | 9.0 |
| Control group | 23.8 | 6.7 | 22.5 | 7.8 | 22.6b | 8.4 | 21.9b | 8.1 |
| Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (21 item) | ||||||||
| Experimental group | 19.4 | 7.9 | 19.1 | 8.2 | 12.8a | 7.5 | 10.4a | 7.1 |
| Control group | 19.1 | 4.4 | 19.3 | 5.6 | 17.2b | 5.8 | 17.2b | 5.0 |
| Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale | ||||||||
| Experimental group | 18.8 | 7.5 | 16.9 | 9.5 | 14.1a | 8.2 | 12.3a | 7.7 |
| Control group | 18.1 | 6.3 | 17.1 | 6.6 | 16.8 | 7.3 | 13.9a | 7.5 |
| Beck Depression Inventory–II | ||||||||
| Experimental group | 27.2 | 10.7 | 26.8 | 11.1 | 18.4a | 9.3 | 16.1a | 9.7 |
| Control group | 26.6 | 13.4 | 25.8 | 13.1 | 25.3b | 12.2 | 24.3b | 12.3 |
| Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale | ||||||||
| Experimental group | 31.3 | 5.6 | 39.2 | 7.4 | 27.6a | 7.5 | 25.6a | 7.9 |
| Control group | 32.3 | 5.1 | 32.6 | 8.8 | 31.9 | 7.3 | 31.1b | 6.9 |
a
Significant difference from baseline, p<0.05.
b
Significant difference from the experimental group, p<0.05.