Figure 5.
Active immunization of modified NS1-WD peptide protects mice against DENV–elicited hemorrhage and coagulopathy. Disease mouse model was created as described in the Methods (N = 5 for each group). (A) The tail bleeding time was determined on day 3. (B) The clinical score of hemorrhage was quantified and determined as digital hemorrhage severity by ImageJ. (C) H&E staining was performed to analyze local skin hemorrhage in the skin lesions. The yellow arrows indicate the intact blood vessels. The scale bar indicated 40 μm. (D) DENV NS3 expression (green staining) and complement c1q deposition (brown staining) were depicted in IHC double staining. Red arrows indicate local DENV NS3 expression, and red stars indicate c1q deposition. The scale bar indicates 40 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns indicates no significance.