Table 3.
Optical Coherence Tomography findings at baseline and follow up
| Non Diabetes (n = 48) | Diabetes Mellitus (n = 37) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | |||
| Minimal Lumen Area, mm2 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.48 |
| Lipid Rich Plaque | 43(89) | 33(90) | 0.90 |
| Lipid Arc Maximum,° | 146.2 ± 82.9 | 148.4 ± 77.7 | 0.69 |
| Lipid Length, mm | 5.6 ± 4.3 | 5.6 ± 4.8 | 0.93 |
| Lipid Volume Index, ° x mm | 648.4 ± 671.9 | 682.5 ± 673.7 | 0.81 |
| TCFA* | 9(20) | 8(21) | 0.91 |
| Fibrous cap thickness, μm | 98.8 ± 41.8 | 103.4 ± 42.00 | 0.52 |
| Macrophages | 46(96) | 37(100) | 0.19 |
| Macrophages arc (max), ° | 131.7 ± 66.0 | 141.4 ± 67.8 | 0.54 |
| Macrophage Length, mm | 9.1 ± 5.1 | 10.7 ± 5.6 | 0.21 |
| Thrombus | 6(13) | 8(21) | 0.38 |
| Microvessel | 35(73) | 28(77) | 0.71 |
| Calcium deposition | 42(87) | 33(90) | 0.67 |
| Calcium-arc (max), ° | 123.5 ± 85.2 | 144.9 ± 80.3 | 0.17 |
| Follow up | |||
| Minimal Lumen Area, mm2 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 0.46 |
| change | 0.05 ± 0.25 | −0.00 ± 0.21 | 0.25 |
| p value | 0.22 | 0.64 | |
| Lipid Rich Plaque | 43(89) | 31(84) | 0.57 |
| p value | >0.99 | 0.16 | |
| Lipid Arc Maximum, ° x mm | 146.4 ± 81.1 | 130.8 ± 77.7 | 0.56 |
| change | −0.7 ± 23.2 | −16.2 ± 38.8 | 0.07 |
| p value | 0.71 | 0.037 | |
| Lipid Length, mm | 5.16 ± 4.18 | 4.7 ± 3.7 | 0.76 |
| change | −0.3 ± −0.8 | −0.3 ± 1.2 | 0.34 |
| p value | 0.020 | 0.52 | |
| Lipid Volume Index, °x mm** | 576.6 ± 667.7 | 598.2 ± 563.3 | 0.74 |
| change | −160.3 ± 387.4 | −77.8 ± 366.6 | 0.17 |
| p value | 0.17 | 0.54 | |
| TCFA* | 3(7) | 3(8) | 0.83 |
| p value | 0.034 | 0.025 | |
| Fibrous cap thickness, μm | 108.7 ± 39.5 | 109.1 ± 40.4 | 0.97 |
| change | 12.1 ± 18.6 | 5.6 ± 14.6 | 0.19 |
| p value | 0.001 | 0.047 | |
| Macrophages | 43(89) | 37(100) | 0.035 |
| p value | 0.18 | 1.00 | |
| Macrophage arc (max), ° | 130.7 ± 62.7 | 127.2 ± 58.7 | 0.62 |
| Change | −3.6 ± 28.4 | −14.3 ± 46.2 | 0.28 |
| p value | 0.63 | 0.08 | |
| Macrophage Length, mm | 8.2 ± 5.2 | 9.6 ± 5.1 | 0.30 |
| change | −0.9 ± 2.3 | −1.5 ± 2.9 | 0.62 |
| p value | 0.027 | 0.011 | |
| Thrombus | 3(7) | 6(16) | 0.20 |
| p value | 0.32 | 0.16 | |
| Calcium deposition | 42(87) | 32(87) | >0.99 |
| p value | >0.99 | 0.32 | |
| Microvessel | 73(35) | 82(30.3) | 0.35 |
| p value | 0.32 | 0.32 | |
| Calcium-arc (max), ° | 130.8 ± 83.5 | 152.8 ± 77.8 | 0.15 |
| change | 3.0 ± 11.2 | 3.8 ± 12.2 | 0.78 |
| p value | 0.06 | 0.317 | |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%) TCFA thin cap fibroatheroma, **Averaged lipid arc x lipid length, *Lipid-rich plaque with the minimal fibrous cap thickness <65 µm.