Table 1.
Clinical, endoscopic and laboratory characteristics of Cohort 1 comprising 17 patients with SC-CIP.
| Parameter | Number |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63 (33–80) |
| Gender | 3 F/14 M |
| Cause of ICU admission | |
| Myocardial infarction | 5 (29.4%) |
| Cardiothoracic surgery | 3 (17.6%) |
| Polytrauma | 3 (17.6%) |
| Pneumonia | 3 (17.6%) |
| Acute pancreatitis | 1 (5.9%) |
| Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm | 1 (5.9%) |
| Major bleeding after thyroid surgery | 1 (5.9%) |
| ICU features | |
| ICU days | 32 (8–167) |
| Ventilation days | 19 (4–147) |
| Vasopressors (%) | 17 (100%) |
| Renal replacement therapy (%) | 3 (17.6%) |
| Endoscopic features* | |
| Time from ICU admission to ERCP, days | 105 (24–1155) |
| Intrahepatic strictures and rarefications | 17/17 (100%) |
| Extrahepatic stricture | 2/17 (11.7%) |
| Biliary casts | 11/16 (68.8%) |
| Endoscopic interventions** | 14/16 (87.5%) |
| Nasobiliary drainage | 2/16 (12.5%) |
| Infectious complications*** | |
| Sepsis | 10 (58.8%) |
| Cholangitis | 8 (47.0%) |
| Pneumonia | 8 (47.0%) |
| Wound infection | 2 (11.8%) |
| Abscess of the liver | 1 (5.9%) |
| Colitis | 1 (5.9%) |
| Clinical course | |
| Progression to liver cirrhosis | 8 (47.1%) |
| Liver transplantation | 2 (11.8%) |
| Death | 3 (17.7%) |
| Laboratory values**** | |
| ALT (U/l) | 67 (20–1106) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/l) | 428 (87–1305) |
| y-GT (U/l) | 731 (135–1447) |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 3.45 (0.4–23.5) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.91 (0.6–9.4) |
| INR | 1.02 (0.88–1.98) |
| CRP (mg/l) | 28 (0.3–191) |
| MELD score (UNOS modified) | 16 (6–22) |
| Follow-up (days) | 467 (39–3535) |
Values are given as medians and ranges.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography; F, female; γ-GT, gamma-glutamyl-transferase; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ratio; M, male; MELD, model of end-stage liver disease; SC-CIP, sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients.
*In 16 of the 17 patients with SC-CIP in cohort 1, cholangiography was obtained by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography procedure, and in one patient magnet resonance cholangiography was performed only.
**Endoscopic interventions include biliary cast extraction, ballon dilation or intermittent stent placement.
***Patients may have had more than one infectious complication.
****Values from the day of the first ERCP.