Figure 1.

The experimental design for 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and administration time. Chronic colitis was induced by oral 3% DSS for three cycles. Each cycle was made up of 3% DSS for 7 days followed by 14 days of recovery with water. After the first cycle, modeled mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12/group), administration of root extract of M. officinalis (MORE) and hairy root extract of M. officinalis (MOHRE) to chronic UC in mice for two cycles.