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. 2017 Aug 2;8:905. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00905

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Copyright © 2017 Liang, Liang, Hao, Lin, Wang, Wu, Jiang, Fu, Li, Ding, Liu, Xiong, Lai, Zhou, Chan and Hou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Root extract of Morinda officinalis (MORE) and hairy root extract of M. officinalis (MOHRE) ameliorated colonic injury in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis mice. (A) Representative colon from each group. (B) Colon length. (C) Colon thickness. (D) The representative pictures of colon macroscopic appearances in each group. (E) Morphology score. (F) Histological score. (G) Representative hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining of colon tissues of each group (black arrows indicating inflammatory infiltration and injury), (1) Control group, (2) DSS group, (3) DSS + mesalazin (positive drug group), (4) DSS + MORE 80 mg/kg, (5) DSS + MORE 40 mg/kg, (6) DSS + MORE 20 mg/kg, (7) DSS + MOHRE 80 mg/kg, (8) DSS + MOHRE 40 mg/kg, and (9) DSS + MOHRE 20 mg/kg. All data are presented as mean ± SEM of six to nine mice. *p < 0.05. ^**p < 0.01 vs. control group; ^#p < 0.05. ^##p < 0.01 vs. DSS group.