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. 2017 Aug 2;8:507. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00507

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Dibutyltins are partial PPARγ and RXRα agonists, and cysteine 285 is important in PPARγ transcriptional activity by these compounds. HeLa cells were co-transfected with plasmids containing cDNA of GAL4-PPARγ (A,C), GAL4-RXRα (B,D) or GAL4-PPARγ C285S (E) and the responsive element GAL4 fused to luciferase reporter gene. (A,B) Cells were exposed to vehicle (DMSO), tributyltin chloride (TBTC), dibutyltin diacetate (DBTA), dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC), dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), or dibutyltin maleate (DBTM) from 0.00001 μM to the maximum non-toxic concentration. ∗p ≤ 0.01 (compared to vehicle). (C,D) Cells were exposed to rosiglitazone (Rosi) 10 μM, or 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis) 10 μM, or the maximum non-toxic concentrations of each of organotin compounds. ∗p ≤ 0.0001 compared to rosiglitazone (Rosi) or 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis). (E) Cells exposed to vehicle or maximum non-toxic concentrations of each of organotin compounds. ∗p ≤ 0.0001 (compared to vehicle) and #p ≤ 0.01 compared wild type versus C285S. Data are presented as mean (SD) of three independent experiments conducted in triplicate.