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. 2017 Aug 1;7:7072. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07288-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Super resolution microscopy of OMVs carrying bacterial DNA. OMVs were labeled with the lipophilic stain, DiO (green), which targets the OMV membrane, while EdU-incorporated DNA (red) was labeled by a 2-step process. The first step involved incubation with 12.5 μM biotin azide, during which the azide moiety was bound specifically to the alkyne backbone of the EdU molecule in the presence of a copper catalyst. The second step involved incubation with 5 μg/ml streptavidin-conjugated 568 Alexa Fluor^® to fluorescently label the biotin-azide bound to the EdU. Scale bar = 1 μm.