Table 4.
Direct and indirect effect (via smoking) of childhood adversity on anxious and depressive symptomatology in adulthood (n = 4,530).
| Adjusted for all Confounding Variables | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total effect β (95% CI) | Direct effect β (95% CI) | Indirect effect β (95% CI) | Proportion mediated % (95% CI) | |
| Childhood adversity | 0.064 (0.045, 0.083)a | 0.063 (0.043, 0.078)b | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.002)a | 1.30 (−1.05, 3.81)a |
| Excluding Education | ||||
| 0.069 (0.040, 0.085)e | 0.067 (0.039, 0.079)f | 0.002 (0.001, 0.004)e | 2.74 (0.06, 5.37)e | |
| Excluding Indicators of Alcohol Intake | ||||
| 0.064 (0.044, 0.081)c | 0.063 (0.043, 0.079)d | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.002)c | 1.50 (−0.50, 4.20)c | |
| Excluding Indicators of Social Support | ||||
| 0.074 (0.055, 0.092)g | 0.074 (0.054, 0.089)h | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.002)g | 1.05 (−0.58, 3.39)g | |
Adjusted for age, gender, living in Norway at age 1 year, mother's/father's history of psychological problems, parental history of heart attack/angina pectoris/cerebral stroke/brain hemorrhage/osteoporosis/stomach/duodenal ulcer/ asthma/diabetes/dementia, education, number of friends, perceived social support, and indicators of alcohol intake.
Adjusted for age, gender, living in Norway at age 1 year, mother's/father's history of psychological problems, parental history of heart attack/angina pectoris/cerebral stroke/brain hemorrhage/osteoporosis/stomach/duodenal ulcer/asthma/diabetes/dementia, education, number of friends, perceived social support, indicators of alcohol intake + smoking in adulthood.
Adjusted for age, gender, living in Norway at age 1 year, mother's/father's history of psychological problems, parental history of heart attack/angina pectoris/cerebral stroke/brain hemorrhage/osteoporosis/stomach/duodenal ulcer/asthma/diabetes/dementia, education, number of friends, and perceived social support.
Adjusted for age, gender, living in Norway at age 1 year, mother's/father's history of psychological problems, parental history of heart attack/angina pectoris/cerebral stroke/brain hemorrhage/osteoporosis/stomach/duodenal ulcer/asthma/diabetes/dementia, education, number of friends, and perceived social support + smoking in adulthood.
Adjusted for age, gender, living in Norway at age 1 year, mother's/father's history of psychological problems, parental history of heart attack/angina pectoris/cerebral stroke/brain hemorrhage/osteoporosis/stomach/duodenal ulcer/asthma/diabetes/dementia, number of friends, perceived social support, and indicators of alcohol intake.
Adjusted for age, gender, living in Norway at age 1 year, mother's/father's history of psychological problems, parental history of heart attack/angina pectoris/cerebral stroke/brain hemorrhage/osteoporosis/stomach/duodenal ulcer/asthma/diabetes/dementia, number of friends, perceived social support, indicators of alcohol intake + smoking in adulthood.
Adjusted for age, gender, living in Norway at age 1 year, mother's/father's history of psychological problems, parental history of heart attack/angina pectoris/cerebral stroke/brain hemorrhage/osteoporosis/ stomach/duodenal ulcer/asthma/diabetes/dementia, education, number of friends, perceived social support, and indicators of alcohol intake.
Adjusted for age, gender, living in Norway at age 1 year, mother's/father's history of psychological problems, parental history of heart attack/angina pectoris/cerebral stroke/brain hemorrhage/osteoporosis/stomach/duodenal ulcer/asthma/diabetes/dementia, education, number of friends, perceived social support, indicators of alcohol intake + smoking in adulthood.
CI, Confidence interval