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. 2017 Aug 1;7:6991. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07233-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of fluoxetine on behaviour and gene expression. The effects of an antidepressant on anxiety- and depression-like behaviour were assessed by treating group-housed mice with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in drinking water. (a) Fluoxetine treatment experimental schedule for the behavioural tests and gene expression analysis. In Experiment 4, all animals were used in behavioural tests when they were aged 10–12 weeks (n = 16 cages). In Experiment 5, brains were collected when the mice were 10 weeks old, and gene expression analysis was performed (n = 8 cages). (b) Comparison of body weight gains in group-housed mice with different hierarchical positions (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, dominant versus subordinate). (c–j) Comparison of behaviours in dominant (Dom) and subordinate (Sub) males. (c–f) Results of the open-field tests (OFT), (g and h) results of the elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests, and (i and j) results of the forced swim tests (FST) (*P < 0.05). (k) Comparison of gene expression levels in the hippocampi of the Dom and Sub males (^# P < 0.1, *P < 0.05).