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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 16.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2017 Jun 16;356(6343):1185–1188. doi: 10.1126/science.aan4491

Fig. 3. Otx2 expression in VTA bidirectionally controls depression-like behavior.

Fig. 3

Depression-like behavior indicated by social interaction ratio (top), and VTA mRNA levels of Otx2 and OTX2-predicting genes (bottom), after each manipulation. HSV-Gfp (solid green) or HSV-Otx2 (solid purple) were overexpressed at (A) juvenile PND15 to 17 or (B) adult PND60 to 70 time points. HSV-miR-LacZ (open green) or HSV-miR-Otx2 (open purple) were injected for knockdown at (C) juvenile or (D and E) adult time points. Social defeat and behavioral testing was begun in adulthood 6 weeks after (A and C) juvenile or (E) adult manipulation or (B and D) <1 week after adult manipulation. Hashing indicates postdefeat quantification. Bars are means ± SEM, t < 0.1, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; horizontal bars indicate main effect of condition [two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)] (see table S3).