Table 1.
Demographic characteristics
| Demographic characteristic | Mean (standard deviation) | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.1 (10.8) | 25–66 |
| Height (m) | 1.7 (0.1) | 1.6–1.8 |
| Weight (kg) | 84.9 (28.9) | 52.2–163.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2 (8.4) | 18.3–48.8 |
| Sex (%) | 30% female | N/A |
| 70% male | ||
| Modified Baecke Questionnaire (scale 3–15) | 8.5 (1.1) | 6.3 – 10.9 |
| Years of DM | 12.8 (12.4) | 1 month–52.0 years |
| Type of DM | 40% Type 1 | N/A |
| 60% Type 2 | ||
| Blood glucose at time of participation (mg/dL) | 152.9 (41.3) | 102–249 |
| Hb A1c (%) | 7.5 (1.4) | 5.6–10.9 |
| MDNS (scale 0–46) | 11.7 (8.5) | 0.0–25.0 |
| MNSI (scale 0–8) | 3.2 (1.9) | 0.0–6.0 |
| VPT (scale 0–50 V) | 18.2 (12.5) | 5.0–42.5 |
Note: BMI = body mass index; DM = diabetes mellitus; HB A1c = hemoglobin A1c; MDNS = Michigan diabetes neuropathy score; MNSI = Michigan neuropathy screening instrument; VPT = vibration perception threshold.