Table 3.
Attitudes and beliefs related to waterpipe quitting among café customers and university students
| Beginners (students, n = 86) n (%) | Established (customers, n = 268) n (%) | |
| Belief can quit waterpipe any time | 77 (89.5) | 231 (86.5) |
| Will to quit waterpipe | 35 (40.7) | 76 (28.4)* |
| Last year quit attempt (waterpipe) | 23 (65.7) | 45 (59.2) |
| Belief can quit cigarettes anytime | 19 (46.3) | 36 (50.7) |
| Will to quit cigarettes | 29 (70.7) | 45 (63.4) |
| Last year quit attempt (cigarettes) | 26 (89.7) | 32 (71.1) |
| Main motivation for quitting waterpipe** | ||
| Health | 33 (91.6) | 79 (103.8) |
| Cost | 3 (8.7) | 3 (6.5) |
| Other | 3 (8.6) | 4 (5.3) |
| Main challenge for quitting waterpipe | ||
| Friends | 10 (28.6) | 6 (7.9)* |
| Addiction and habit | 6 (17.1) | 5 (6.6) |
| Boredom and free time | 3 (8.6) | 7 (9.2) |
| No challenge | 13 (37.1) | 47 (61.8)* |
| Other or no specific | 3 (8.6) | 11 (14.5) |
| Main health hazard of waterpipe | ||
| Cardiovascular effects | 5 (5.8) | 25 (9.4) |
| Respiratory effects | 41 (47.7) | 98 (36.7)* |
| Cancer | 25 (29.1) | 96 (36.0) |
| Other bodily effects | 11 (12.7) | 13 (4.8)* |
| None, don't know, none specific | 4 (4.7) | 35 (13.0)* |
| Belief about the addictive effects of waterpipe compared to cigarettes | ||
| Cigarettes are more addictive | 77 (89.5) | 221 (82.8) |
| Equally addictive | 7 (8.1) | 27 (10.1) |
| Waterpipe is more addictive | 2 (2.3) | 19 (7.1) |
| Belief about harmful effects of waterpipe compared to cigarettes | ||
| Cigarettes are more harmful | 32 (37.6) | 124 (46.4) |
| Equally harmful | 11 (12.9) | 49 (18.4) |
| Waterpipe is more harmful | 42 (49.4) | 94 (35.2)* |
* p < 0.05 using the Chi2 test ** Multiple responses were allowed (percentages add to more than 100)