Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Season at first antenatal visit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total Group (n = 334) |
Winter (n = 166) |
Summer (n = 168) |
P a |
| Age (years) | 33.0 (3.9) | 32.8 (3.7) | 33.2 (4.0) | 0.409 |
| Gestation at first antenatal visit (weeks) | 12.8 (2.3) | 12.7 (2.3) | 12.9 (2.2) | 0.556 |
| BMI at first antenatal visit | ||||
| Mean (SD), (kg/m2) | 26.3 (4.5) | 26.3 (4.4) | 26.2 (4.7) | 0.948 |
| Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) [n (%)] | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0.953 |
| Normal (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) [n (%)] | 153 (45.8) | 78 (46.4) | 75 (45.2) | |
| Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) [n (%)] | 125 (37.4) | 60 (35.7) | 65 (39.2) | |
| Obese (BMI >30.0 kg/m2) [n (%)] | 52 (15.6) | 27 (16.1) | 25 (15.1) | |
| Smoking at baseline [n (%)] | 7 (2.1) | 4 (2.4) | 3 (1.8) | 0.697 |
| Intervention group [n (%)] | 171 (51.2) | 84 (50.6) | 87 (50.9) | 0.829 |
| Ethnicity: Caucasian [n (%)] | 331 (99.1) | 166 (100.0) | 165 (98.2) | 0.250 |
| Achieved 3rd level education [n (%)] | 177 (53.0) | 87 (52.6) | 90 (53.6) | 0.940 |
| Birth weight (g) | 4065.9 (470.0) | 4043.1 (434.4) | 4088.4 (503.0) | 0.382 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise stated
aComparison between winter and summer