Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for Included Offspring Born From 1983 to 2001.
| Variable | Offspring, No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Offspring Varying | |
| Female | 816 775 (48.6) |
| Parity | |
| 1 | 694 908 (41.4) [Reference] |
| 2 | 608 825 (36.2) |
| 3 | 265 252 (15.8) |
| ≥4 | 111 234 (6.6) |
| Maternal age at childbirth, y | |
| <20 | 42 152 (2.5) |
| 20-29 | 966 384 (57.5) [Reference] |
| 30-39 | 638 956 (38.0) |
| ≥40 | 32 727 (1.9) |
| Paternal age at childbirth, y | |
| <20 | 6744 (0.4) |
| 20-29 | 630 700 (37.5) [Reference] |
| 30-39 | 870 134 (51.8) |
| ≥40 | 172 641 (10.3) |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancya | |
| No | 1 312 516 (78.1) [Reference] |
| Moderate | 231 526 (13.8) |
| High | 136 177 (8.1) |
| Outcomesb | |
| Any SMI | 14 215 (1.3) |
| Bipolar disorder | 9177 (0.8) |
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | 6109 (0.6) |
| SUD | 62 187 (5.5) |
| SMI and SUD | 4825 (0.5) |
| Maternal | |
| Highest completed education | |
| <9 y | 31 837 (1.9) [Reference] |
| 9 y | 142 593 (8.5) |
| 1-3 y Upper secondary | 918 857 (54.7) |
| Any postsecondary | 586 932 (34.9) |
| Hospitalizations | |
| Any SMI (vs none) | 19 756 (1.2) |
| Any suicidal behavior (vs none) | 27 547 (1.6) |
| Any SUD (vs none) | 39 350 (2.3) |
| Any criminal conviction (vs none) | 219 031 (13.0) |
| Non-Swedish nationality (vs Swedish) | 213 346 (12.7) |
| Paternal | |
| Highest completed education | |
| <9 y | 58 851 (3.5) [Reference] |
| 9 y | 232 399 (13.8) |
| 1-3 y Upper secondary | 1 013 478 (60.3) |
| Any postsecondary | 375 491 (22.3) |
| Hospitalizations | |
| Any SMI (vs none) | 16 434 (1.0) |
| Any suicidal behavior (vs none) | 24 254 (1.4) |
| Any SUD (vs none) | 74 182 (4.4) |
| Any criminal conviction (vs none) | 736 901 (43.9) |
| Non-Swedish nationality (vs Swedish) | 225 742 (13.4) |
Abbreviations: SMI, severe mental illness; SUD, substance use disorder.
a
Moderate smoking during pregnancy: 1-9 cigarettes per day; high smoking during pregnancy: ≥10 cigarettes per day.
b
Kaplan-Meier estimate of probability of diagnosis by age 25 years.