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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Periodontol 2000. 2017 Oct;75(1):116–151. doi: 10.1111/prd.12181

Fig. 5. Developmental pathways of CD4-positive T cells, their functions and associations with particular diseases.

Fig. 5

Naïve CD4-positive Th cells differentiate into distinct lineages depending on the indicated cytokine milieu during activation by antigen-presenting cells. As shown, each of these effector or regulatory T cell subsets has a characteristic cytokine expression pattern and hence distinct functions and roles in autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Ag, antigen; B, B cell; DC, dendritic cell.