Table 5.
Random Intercept Models Predicting Abstract Reasoning, WLS 1957–2011
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||
| B | s.e. | B | s.e. | B | s.e. | B | s.e. | B | s.e. | ||
| Age | −0.006** | 0.002 | −0.005* | 0.002 | −0.005* | 0.002 | −0.004 | 0.002 | −0.005* | 0.002 | |
| Retirement Status | Not Retired (ref) | ||||||||||
| Dichotomous | Retired | 0.038* | 0.019 | 0.053** | 0.018 | ||||||
| Reason | Voluntary | 0.051** | 0.020 | ||||||||
| Family Related | 0.125** | 0.048 | |||||||||
| Involuntary | 0.040 | 0.041 | |||||||||
| Health Related | 0.025 | 0.042 | |||||||||
| Duration | linear | 0.002 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| ln | 0.011* | 0.005 | |||||||||
| Education (ref: High School) | Some College | 0.240*** | 0.029 | 0.240*** | 0.029 | 0.239*** | 0.029 | 0.239*** | 0.029 | ||
| Bachelor’s | 0.352*** | 0.031 | 0.352*** | 0.031 | 0.351*** | 0.031 | 0.351*** | 0.031 | |||
| Graduate/Prof. Degree | 0.466*** | 0.036 | 0.466*** | 0.036 | 0.464*** | 0.036 | 0.465*** | 0.036 | |||
| Job Characteristics | |||||||||||
| Occ. Education Score | 0.044*** | 0.013 | 0.044*** | 0.013 | 0.044** | 0.013 | 0.044** | 0.013 | |||
| Class of Worker (ref: Private Worker) | Government | 0.041 | 0.025 | 0.040 | 0.025 | 0.044 | 0.025 | 0.042 | 0.025 | ||
| Self-Employed | −0.045 | 0.029 | −0.045 | 0.029 | −0.051 | 0.029 | −0.046 | 0.029 | |||
| Occupation (ref: Other White Collar) | Upper White Collar | 0.086** | 0.030 | 0.086** | 0.030 | 0.086** | 0.030 | 0.086** | 0.030 | ||
| Blue Collar | −0.033 | 0.029 | −0.034 | 0.029 | −0.034 | 0.029 | −0.034 | 0.029 | |||
| Service Industries | 0.004 | 0.023 | 0.003 | 0.023 | 0.001 | 0.023 | 0.003 | 0.023 | |||
| Personal Characteristics | Male | −0.003 | 0.022 | −0.044* | 0.021 | −0.042* | 0.021 | −0.046* | 0.021 | −0.044* | 0.021 |
| Married | −0.014 | 0.020 | −0.013 | 0.020 | −0.015 | 0.020 | −0.016 | 0.020 | |||
| Father’s SEI | −0.000 | 0.000 | −0.000 | 0.000 | −0.000 | 0.000 | −0.000 | 0.000 | |||
| Mother’s Education | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | |||
| 1957 Family Income | −0.020 | 0.015 | −0.020 | 0.015 | −0.019 | 0.015 | −0.020 | 0.015 | |||
| Cognition at 16 | 0.022*** | 0.001 | 0.022*** | 0.001 | 0.022*** | 0.001 | 0.022*** | 0.001 | |||
| Stroke | −0.084 | 0.047 | −0.081 | 0.047 | −0.073 | 0.048 | −0.076 | 0.048 | |||
| Heart | 0.009 | 0.022 | 0.011 | 0.022 | 0.010 | 0.022 | 0.010 | 0.022 | |||
| Diabetes | −0.026 | 0.025 | −0.025 | 0.025 | −0.021 | 0.025 | −0.023 | 0.025 | |||
| Cancer | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.008 | 0.025 | 0.008 | 0.025 | 0.007 | 0.025 | |||
| Pension Available | 0.021 | 0.017 | 0.021 | 0.017 | 0.019 | 0.017 | 0.019 | 0.017 | |||
| Networth | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
| First Measurement Wave | −0.025 | 0.032 | 0.001 | 0.032 | 0.002 | 0.032 | −0.016 | 0.033 | −0.010 | 0.032 | |
|
| |||||||||||
| Intercept | 0.348* | 0.144 | −2.001*** | 0.206 | −2.000*** | 0.206 | −2.012*** | 0.217 | −1.948*** | 0.212 | |
|
| |||||||||||
| Observations | 14542 | 14537 | 14537 | 14499 | 14499 | ||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| SD(slope) | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.016 | 0.003 | |
| SD(intercept) | 1.201 | 0.144 | 1.113 | 0.153 | 1.114 | 0.153 | 1.105 | 0.154 | 1.110 | 0.154 | |
| Corr (Intercept, Slope) | −0.789 | 0.056 | −0.873 | 0.036 | −0.874 | 0.036 | −0.871 | 0.038 | −0.873 | 0.037 | |
| Residual | 0.657 | 0.007 | 0.656 | 0.007 | 0.656 | 0.007 | 0.657 | 0.007 | 0.657 | 0.007 | |
| Rho | 0.770 | 0.742 | 0.742 | 0.739 | 0.741 | ||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Likelihood Ratio Test | 3465.93 | 0.000 | 1700.18 | 0.000 | 1697.65 | 0.000 | 1653.81 | 0.000 | 1692.66 | 0.000 | |
Notes:
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
p < 0.001