Figure 3.

Carrageenan-induced AMPAr trafficking and membrane insertion of Ca²⁺ permeable AMPAr is PI3K dependent. (A) Pretreatment with i.t. LY294002 (LY) blocks carrageenan-induced trafficking of GluA1 to the plasmalemma in ipsilateral dorsal horn. (B) Injection of LY prior to paw injection leads to a pronounced reduction in plasmalemma GluA2, which is not observed in non-inflamed animals. (C–E) Representative examples of Co²⁺ uptake induced by kainate in lumbar spinal cord sections incubated with vehicle, TNF, or Wortmannin (Wort), a non-selective PI3K antagonist. (F) Quantification of cells with positive Co²⁺ staining shows increased Co²⁺ uptake in both superficial and deep lumbar dorsal horn sections after TNF incubation, which is prevented Wort. Data is presented as mean±SEM, n=3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01