Table 1.
Sample characteristics at baseline
| Total | TAU | IC | p-valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | |||||||
| age in years; m (sd) | 46.47 | 11.61 | 47.15 | 11.01 | 45.82 | 12.14 | 0.195 |
| employed; n (%) | 175 | 35.1% | 58 | 23.5% | 117 | 46.4% | <0.001 |
| living alone; n (%) | 235 | 46.0% | 127 | 50.6% | 108 | 41.5% | 0.040 |
| female; n (%) | 353 | 69.1% | 167 | 66.5% | 186 | 71.5% | 0.221 |
| health insurance company affiliation, TK; n (%) | 214 | 41.9% | 32 | 12.7% | 182 | 70.0% | <0.001 |
| social welfare reception; n (%) | 26 | 5.1% | 20 | 8.0% | 6 | 2.3% | 0.004 |
| Treatment | |||||||
| duration of illness in years; m (sd) | 12.47 | 11.63 | 14.24 | 11.85 | 10.77 | 11.18 | 0.001 |
| number of hospitalisations; m (sd) | 2.78 | 3.89 | 3.83 | 4.92 | 1.77 | 2.1 | <0.001 |
| primary diagnosis | 0.017 | ||||||
| – F20-F29; n (%) | 67 | 13.1% | 43 | 17.1% | 24 | 9.2% | |
| – F30-F39; n (%) | 317 | 62.0% | 140 | 55.8% | 177 | 68.1% | |
| – F40-F48; n (%) | 98 | 19.2% | 53 | 21.1% | 45 | 17.3% | |
| multiple mental diagnoses; n (%) | 248 | 48.5% | 135 | 53.8% | 113 | 43.5% | 0.020 |
| prescription of antipsychotics; n (%) | 379 | 74.2% | 199 | 79.3% | 180 | 69.2% | 0.009 |
| legal guardian; n (%) | 31 | 6.1% | 23 | 9.2% | 8 | 3.1% | 0.004 |
| assisted living; n (%) | 36 | 7.1% | 31 | 12.4% | 5 | 1.9% | <0.001 |
| Outcome measures | |||||||
| EPAS – total; m (sd) | 3.42 | 0.60 | 3.42 | 0.62 | 3.42 | 0.59 | 0.959 |
| – daily living; m (sd) | 3.62 | 0.70 | 3.58 | 0.71 | 3.67 | 0.68 | 0.165 |
| – social relationships and sexuality; m (sd) |
3.21 | 0.72 | 3.20 | 0.75 | 3.23 | 0.70 | 0.640 |
| – psychiatric treatment; m (sd) |
3.66 | 0.66 | 3.72 | 0.67 | 3.61 | 0.64 | 0.045 |
| – hope and self-efficacy; m (sd) |
3.19 | 0.80 | 3.18 | 0.81 | 3.20 | 0.79 | 0.753 |
| – self-esteem; m (sd) | 3.41 | 0.80 | 3.41 | 0.83 | 3.40 | 0.77 | 0.899 |
| – empowerment at work (n = 250); m (sd) |
3.43 | 0.81 | 3.43 | 0.83 | 3.42 | 0.80 | 0.900 |
| – parenting of minor children (n = 96); m (sd) |
3.68 | 0.73 | 3.85 | 0.70 | 3.56 | 0.72 | 0.054 |
| HONOS - total; m (sd) | 10.66 | 5.30 | 10.53 | 5.12 | 10.79 | 5.48 | 0.576 |
| number of needs; m (sd) | 4.70 | 2.63 | 5.07 | 2.70 | 4.34 | 2.51 | 0.002 |
| proportion of met needs; m (sd) | 59.5% | 68.2% | 62.9% | 69.6% | 56.2% | 67.2% | 0.017 |
| QOL-BREF; m (sd) | 48.86 | 22.04 | 48.63 | 22.64 | 49.08 | 21.49 | 0.818 |
| satisfaction score; m (sd) | 24.22 | 4.43 | 24.51 | 4.53 | 23.94 | 4.33 | 0.154 |
aPearson Chi2 test for categorical and t-test for continuous variables