Table 3.
Univariable and Multivariable Association of Factors with Postoperative Trichiasis by 1 Year after Bilamellar Tarsal Rotation Surgery
| Demographic and Clinical Factors | PTT N = 496 |
Univariable Analysis |
Multivariable Analysis |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (%) | OR 95% CI | P Value | OR 95% CI | P Value | |
| Age, yrs, median (IQR) | |||||
| 18–29 | 10/48 (20.8%) | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | 0.0005† | 1.25 (1.06–1.48) | 0.007† |
| 30–39 | 16/106 (15.1%) | ||||
| 40–49 | 17/107 (15.9%) | ||||
| 50–59 | 25/103 (24.3%) | ||||
| 60–69 | 24/82 (29.3%) | ||||
| 70+ | 18/50 (36.0%) | ||||
| Trichiasis severity | |||||
| Minor | 36/257 (14.0%) | 2.75 (1.76–4.30) | <0.0001 | 1.86 (1.12–3.10) | 0.02 |
| Major | 74/239 (31.0%) | ||||
| Lash location | |||||
| Epilating | 10/42 (23.8%) | 1.54 (0.72–3.30) | 0.26 | 1.65 (0.73–3.76) | 0.23 |
| Corneal | 63/374 (16.8%) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Peripheral | 2/5 (40.0%) | 3.29 (0.54–20.1) | 0.20 | 4.09 (0.60–27.7) | 0.15 |
| Corneal + Peripheral | 35/75 (46.7%) | 4.32 (2.55–7.33) | <0.0001 | 4.62 (2.51–8.48) | <0.0001 |
| Conjunctival scarring, baseline | |||||
| 1 | 8/54 (14.8%) | 1.65 (1.09–2.52) | 0.02† | 1.62 (0.99–2.68) | 0.07† |
| 2 | 78/366 (21.3%) | ||||
| 3 | 24/76 (31.6%) | ||||
| Surgeon (relative to surgeon 4) | |||||
| 1 | 27/91 (29.7%) | 1.84 (0.92–3.67) | 0.09 | 1.34 (0.61–2.95) | 0.46 |
| 2 | 17/93 (18.3%) | 0.97 (0.46–2.05) | 0.94 | 0.86 (0.37–1.99) | 0.73 |
| 3 | 17/85 (20.0%) | 1.09 (0.51–2.30) | 0.82 | 0.54 (0.22–1.35) | 0.19 |
| 4 | 17/91 (18.7%) | 1 | – | – | – |
| 5 | 12/47 (25.5%) | 1.49 (0.64–3.46) | 0.35 | 2.32 (0.89–6.05) | 0.09 |
| 6 | 20/89 (22.5%) | 1.26 (0.61–2.61) | 0.53 | 1.22 (0.53–2.81) | 0.63 |
| No. of medial and lateral dissections, median (range)† | |||||
| No recurrence | 2 (0–17) | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) | 0.06 | 0.83 (0.72–0.95) | 0.007 |
| Recurrence | 1 (0–11) | ||||
| Immediate postoperative central correction | |||||
| Corrected | 96/424 (22.6%) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Overcorrected | 8/62 (12.9%) | 0.51 (0.23–1.10) | 0.09 | 0.41 (0.18–0.97) | 0.04 |
| Undercorrected | 6/10 (60.0%) | 5.12 (1.42–18.5) | 0.01 | 5.34 (1.32–21.5) | 0.02 |
| Suture tension across sutures | |||||
| Regular | 105/481 (21.8%) | 1.79 (0.60–5.35) | 0.30 | – | – |
| Irregular | 5/15 (33.3%) | ||||
| External surgical incision height in mm∗ | |||||
| Central | |||||
| <4 mm | 78/411 (19.0%) | 2.58 (1.56–4.26) | 0.0002 | 2.79 (1.52–5.13) | 0.001 |
| ≥4 mm | 32/85 (37.6%) | ||||
CI = confidence interval; IQR = interquartile range; OR = odds ratio; PTT = postoperative trachomatous trichiasis.
Analysis made using logistic regression. The following factors were tested and showed no association with PTT in a univariable analysis (P > 0.05) or were excluded from the multivariable analysis after a likelihood ratio test: gender, baseline entropion severity, trichiasis lash type at baseline, eye (right, left), number of mattress sutures, and ECA. Age, surgeon, and preoperative trichiasis severity are known to be risk factors for PTT; therefore, they are included in the multivariable model regardless of significance in a univariable analysis.
Surgical incision height in BLTR surgery was measured externally on the skin.
P value for trend.