Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Glia. 2017 Jun 15;65(9):1504–1520. doi: 10.1002/glia.23176

Figure 1. Sex differences in immune modulation of microglial developmental programs.

Figure 1

(a) Hippocampal microglia isolated from male and female mice at different developmental time points were subjected to RNA extraction and Next Generation sequencing. (b) A total of 4645 genes were found to be down-regulated over development whereas 3038 genes were up-regulated from E18 to P60 in mouse microglia. (c) Developmental indices were created by taking the ratio of the average scaled expression levels of genes that were up-regulated during development in microglia, divided by the average expression levels of all down-regulated genes. (d) Line graph plots microglia index (MDI) across development against log2 age in weeks post conception (Non-linear fit, MDI R2 = 0.8525). (e) In order to validate the robustness of the index, gene group size was progressively increased 2-fold from 2 to 256 up- and down-regulated genes. (f) MDI was calculated from transcriptome data of mouse male and female microglia obtained from different developmental time points (E18, P4, P4 and P60, n = 4–10 per group, two-way ANOVA, post-hoc * p < 0.05). (g) Log fold-changes in gene expression between males and females at P60 were compared to those of P60vsE18 (developmental gene expression changes) to obtain positive correlation (Linear regression, Pearson’s r = 0.3311, *** p < 0.0001).