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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Physiol. 2015 Nov 24;231(6):1291–1300. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25229

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

cAMP and cGMP agonists abolished directional migration of cell fragments. (A) Generation of cell fragments (*). Cells are indicated with arrows for comparison. (B–E) Time-lapse images showing migration of fragments. Numbers indicate individual fragments. Lines show the trajectories, and arrows indicate the direction. (F–I) Migration trajectories of cell fragments. Cell fragments migrated directionally to the anode (the left) in an electric field of 400 mV/mm. Incubation with cell membrane permeable cAMP agonist (Sp-cAMP, 10 μM) or cGMP agonist (Sp-cGMP, 10 μM) abolished the anode directed migration. Polarity and the strength of the EF are as shown. Incubation time with Sp-cAMP and Sp-cGMP was 30 min. Cell trajectories are shown with the first position of all cells normalized to the center. Black and red lines indicate trajectories of fragments migrating toward anode and cathode, respectively.