Table 1.

The effects of ethanol and phospholipids content of ethosome formulations on physical appearance, vesicle size, pdI, zeta potential, and PR entrapment efficiency.

Composition				Physical property	Vesicle size (nm)	pdI	Zeta potential (mV)	Entrapment efficiency (%)
SPC	CHOL	Ethanol	Water
(% w/v)		(% v/v)
3	0.5	10	90	Crystals were observed	ND	ND	−21.22 ± 1.17	ND
		20	80	Yellow colloidal	395.1 ± 6.4	0.272 ± 0.018	−33.11 ± 1.88	64.98 ± 0.91
		30	70	Yellow colloidal	388.8 ± 8.0	0.266 ± 0.021	−34.19 ± 0.44	71.43 ± 0.77
		40	60	Yellow colloidal	213.7 ± 2.5	0.259 ± 0.004	−35.64 ± 1.61	41.55 ± 1.64
		50	50	Crystals were observed at 1 week	353.3 ± 2.4	0.200 ± 0.051	−22.18 ± 1.11	48.79 ± 0.19
		60	40	Yellow colloidal precipitate	ND	ND	−20.88 ± 0.97	ND
6	0.5	10	90	Yellow colloidal	893.1 ± 37.6	0.153 ± 0.064	−34.24 ± 0.75	58.26 ± 0.13
		20	80	Yellow colloidal	731.5 ± 7.2	0.251 ± 0.043	−33.47 ± 0.94	59.26 ± 0.39
		30	70	Yellow colloidal	433.9 ± 6.2	0.162 ± 0.029	−32.45 ± 1.30	66.02 ± 0.36
		40	60	Yellow colloidal	338.1 ± 4.1	0.265 ± 0.009	−34.84 ± 2.53	17.97 ± 1.08
		50	50	Yellow colloidal	755.7 ± 13.0	0.178 ± 0.055	−30.96 ± 1.02	4.56 ± 1.06
		60	40	Yellow colloidal precipitate	ND	ND	−21.38 ± 0.66	ND

Each data represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). ND: not detected.