Table 1.

Summary of randomised controlled trials included in review of proton pump inhibitors in treatment of bleeding ulcers

				Treatments
	Design	No of patients	Endoscopic signs	Proton pump inhibitor	Control	Outcomes reported	Comments
Brunner13 Germany	Single centre, open, randomised after endoscopy	39	Oozing	Omeprazole IV bolus	Ranitidine IV bolus + infusion	Mortality, surgery	19 were inpatients at time of bleed; 49% had gastric ulcer; no initial endoscopic haemostatic therapy
Daneshmend14 UK	Two centre, double blind, randomised before endoscopy	503*	Excluded severe bleeding requiring surgery	Omeprazole IV bolus then orally	Placebo	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	Excluded inpatients developing bleeding
Michel15 France	Multicentre, double blind	75	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Oral lansoprazole	Oral ranitidine	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	Timing of randomisation unclear
Perez-Flores16 Spain	Single centre, open	81	Oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Omeprazole IV bolus then orally	Ranitidine IV bolus then orally	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	Timing of randomisation unclear; not all high risk patients received endoscopic haemostatic therapy
Lanas17 Spain	Single centre, open, randomised after endoscopy	51	Oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Omeprazole IV bolus	Ranitidine IV bolus	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	No initial endoscopic haemostatic therapy
Villanueva18 Spain	Single centre, open, randomised after endoscopy	86	Spurting, oozing	Omeprazole IV bolus then orally	Ranitidine IV bolus then orally	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	16% had onset of bleeding as inpatient
Cardi19 Italy	Single centre, randomised after endoscopy	45	Oozing	Omeprazole IV bolus + infusion	Ranitidine IV bolus + infusion	Mortality, surgery	Level of blinding unclear; all patients had duodenal ulcer; no apparent initial endoscopic haemostatic therapy
Hasselgren20 Sweden, Norway	Multicentre, double blind, randomised after endoscopy	322	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Omeprazole IV bolus + infusion	Placebo IV bolus + infusion	Mortality, surgery	Trial stopped prematurely because of concerns over higher mortality in proton pump inhibitor than control group; only patients aged >60 included; not all high risk patients received endoscopic haemostatic therapy
Khuroo21 India	Single centre, double blind, randomised after endoscopy	220	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Oral omeprazole	Oral placebo	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	No routine endoscopic haemostatic therapy; excluded patients with severe bleeding or terminal illness
Labenz22 Germany	Single centre, randomised after endoscopy	40	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Omeprazole IV bolus + infusion	Ranitidine IV bolus + infusion	Rebleeding (within 24 hours)	Degree of blinding unclear
Lin23 Taiwan	Single centre, open, randomised after endoscopy	52	NBVV	Omeprazole IV bolus	Cimetidine IV bolus	Rebleeding	No initial endoscopic haemostatic therapy
De Muckadell24 Denmark, Holland, France	Multicentre, double blind, randomised after endoscopy	265	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Omeprazole IV bolus + infusion	Placebo IV bolus + infusion	Mortality, surgery	Terminated prematurely after interim analysis pooled with parallel study (Hasselgren et al20)
Corragio25 Italy	Multicentre, randomised after endoscopy	73	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Oral omeprazole	Ranitidine IV bolus	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	Degree of blinding unclear
Lin26 Taiwan	Single centre, open, randomised after endoscopy	100	Spurting, oozing, NBVV	Omeprazole IV bolus + infusion	Cimetidine IV bolus + infusion	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	—
Lau27 Hong Kong	Single centre, double blind, randomised after endoscopy	240	Spurting, oozing, NBVV	Omeprazole IV bolus + infusion	Placebo IV bolus + infusion	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	—
Javid28 India	Single centre, double blind, randomised after endoscopy	166	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Oral omeprazole	Oral placebo	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	—
Sheu29 Taiwan	Single centre, randomised after endoscopy	175	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot, clean base	Omeprazole IV bolus	Ranitidine IV bolus	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	Degree of blinding unclear
Kaviani30 Iran	Two centre, double blind, randomised after endoscopy	149	Spurting, oozing, NBVV	Omeprazole IV bolus then orally	Placebo IV bolus then oral omeprazole	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	—
Desprez31 France	Single centre, randomised after endoscopy	76	Oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Omeprazole IV bolus then orally	Ranitidine IV bolus + infusion then orally	Mortality, rebleeding, surgery	Degree of blinding unclear; no apparent initial endoscopic haemostatic therapy; only available as abstract
Fried32 Switzerland, Germany	Multicentre, open, randomised after endoscopy	113	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Pantoprazole IV bolus + infusion	Ranitidine IV bolus + infusion	Mortality, rebleeding	Only available as abstract
Duvnjak33 Croatia	Single centre, randomised after endoscopy	62	Spurting, oozing, NBVV, adherent clot	Pantoprazole IV bolus	Ranitidine IV bolus	Rebleeding	Only available as abstract; degree of blinding unclear

NBVV=non-bleeding visible vessel.

^*503 patients had endoscopic confirmation of bleeding from peptic ulcer from total cohort of 1147 patients with upper gastointestinal tract bleeding.