Table 2.
Association between all-cause mortality and sex, individual education, contextual deprivation and time to health care
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | HR | HR | HR | HR | HR | HR | HR | |
| Individual effects | ||||||||
| Men | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Women | 0.49*** | 0.48*** | 0.49*** | 0.49*** | 0.48*** | 0.48*** | 0.49*** | 0.48*** |
| Upper and post-secondary | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Lower secondary | 1.31*** | 1.31*** | 1.31*** | 1.31*** | ||||
| Completed elementary | 1.42*** | 1.42*** | 1.42*** | 1.42*** | ||||
| Incompleted elementary | 1.75*** | 1.74*** | 1.75*** | 1.75*** | ||||
| Contextual Effects | ||||||||
| Area Deprivation | ||||||||
| Q1 (least deprived) | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Q2 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.08* | 1.05 | ||||
| Q3 | 1.08** | 1.02 | 1.14*** | 1.09** | ||||
| Q4 | 1.13*** | 1.04 | 1.19*** | 1.13*** | ||||
| Q5 | 1.17*** | 1.06* | 1.26*** | 1.17*** | ||||
| Trend | 1.10*** | 1.05*** | 1.15*** | 1.10*** | ||||
| Travel time to health care | ||||||||
| Q1 (shortest time) | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Q2 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.95 | ||||
| Q3 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.93* | ||||
| Q4 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.91** | ||||
| Q5 | 0.98 | 0.91** | 0.87*** | 0.84*** | ||||
| Trend | 0.98 | 0.93*** | 0.89*** | 0.87*** | ||||
| Spatial Variance (ZE94) | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.010 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
The Trend is estimated from a separate model in which the concerned contextual effect has been introduced as a linear effect (log-linear). The displayed trend effect is the linear effect multiplied by the mean score difference between the fifth and the first quintile
HR Hazard Ratio. Q ordered population-weighted quintile
*p-value <0.050, **p-value <0.010, ***p-value <0.001