Fig. 1.

Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for the relationships between active smoking and risk of HPV infection (A) and CIN2+ (B) in the individual and pooled studies. (A) Logistic models were adjusted by age, area, education, age at menarche, age at sexual debut, sexual partners, menopause, parity, intrauterine device, oral contraceptives, condoms, sterilization, husband's affair, active, and passive smoking mutually; (B) Logistic-models were additionally adjusted for HPV infection.

CI, confidence interval; CIN2+, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse; HPV, human papillomavirus; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; OR, odds ratio; SPOCCS, Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study; START, Screening Technologies to Advance Rapid Testing.