Table 4. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs between 4 different combinations of active or passive smoking status with hr-HPV infection and CIN2+ in the pooled study.

Joint smoking status	hr-HPV infection	CIN2+
Neither active nor passive smoking	Reference	Reference
Only passive smoking	1.12 (1.01–1.24)	0.80 (0.62–1.04)
Only active smoking	1.54 (0.80–2.99)	0.43 (0.06–3.40)
Both active and passive smoking	1.57 (1.14–2.15)	1.99 (1.02–3.88)
p-trend	<0.001	0.086

Values are presented as adjusted OR (95% CI).

CI, confidence interval; CIN2+, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse; hr-HPV, high-risk-human papillomavirus; OR, odds ratio.

^*Logistic models were adjusted by age, area, education, age at menarche, age at sexual debut, sexual partners, menopause, parity, intrauterine device, oral contraceptives, condoms, sterilization, husband's affair, and joint smoking status, whereas CIN2+ models were additionally adjusted for HPV infection status.