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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 3.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2016 Jun 2;353(6294):45–50. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf7865

Figure 1. Structure-based engineering of an NAD+ analog-sensitive PARP-1 (asPARP-1) mutant.

Figure 1

(A) (Left) Schematic illustrating NAD+ analog-sensitivity in PARP proteins. (Right) Residues in PARP-1 selected for mutation to glycine or alanine for discovery of gatekeeper residues.

(B) Chemical structures of the 11 NAD+ analogs used for screening for asPARP-1.

(C) Western blot for ADP-ribose from automodification reactions containing PARP-1 or PARP-1 mutants (L877A and I895A) and NAD+ or NAD+ analogs.

(D) Depiction of the spatial relationship between position 8 of the adenine ring in NAD+ and the gatekeeper residues.