Effect of in vitro combination of duvelisib and venetoclax on CLL cell death. In-vitro incubations of CLL cells obtained from previously untreated CLL patients with duvelisib (4 days) and venetoclax (12–16 hours) either alone or in sequential combinations in suspension culture, IgM-stimulated cells, and in media containing cytokine cocktail. (A) Schema to represent processing and culture conditions for in vitro incubation of CLL cells. (B–D) Cell death measurement of CLL cells after incubation with vehicle (DMSO), duvelisib alone, venetoclax alone, and combination of venetoclax and duvelisib in three different culture conditions; (B) suspension culture, (C) soluble IgM-stimulation, (D) cytokine cocktail-stimulation. Statistical analyses were conducted to obtain p values that are included in the text.