Table 1.

Examples of the use of different approaches for estimating ASR that account for detection differences between the sexes or reconstruct the ASR from sex-specific demographic rates. The vast majority of ASR estimates come from raw counts of unmarked individuals, alive or dead, and do not correct for potential biases associated with sex difference in detectability or catchability (e.g. amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles [98]; fish [99]; crustaceans [76,100]; insects [101]).

ASR estimation method	group	species	source
detection-based estimates from unmarked individuals	none	—	—
detection-based estimates from marked individuals	amphibians	common frog Rana temporaria	Alho et al. [42]
	birds	green-rumped parrotlet Forpus passerinus	Veran & Beissinger [2]
		willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus	Morrison et al. [102]
	fish	trinidadian guppy Poecilia reticulata	Arendt et al. [97]
	mammals	roosevelt elk Cervus elaphus roosevelti	Weaver & Weckerly [103]
indirect estimators	birds	snowy plover Charadrius nivosus	Warriner et al. [104]
		Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus	Kosztolányi et al. [105]
		green-rumped parrotlet	Veran & Beissinger [2]
	mammals	Norwegian moose Alces alces	Solberg et al. [12]
		white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus	Severinghaus & Maguire [106]