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. 2017 Aug 2;7:7123. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07471-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of the changing ambient temperature on asthma mice. (a) The experimental procedures using to develop an asthma mouse model was generated by using OVA sensitization and challenge. (b) The AHR in mice after being inhaled Mch was measured recorded using flow plethysmography. (c) Total and differential cells numbers in BALF that were determined by microscopyicobservation. The data were averaged from for five randomly selected fields of each mouse. (d) The representative photomicrographs (200×)of lung sections are shown. Black arrows indicate areas of peribronchiolar inflammatory cell influx and edema. Black bars indicate the amount of bronchiolar remodeling. ST: standard temperature (20 °C); TT: thermoneutral temperature (30 °C). The data presented are mean ± SEM. ** denotes P < 0.01 (ST-control vs. ST-asthma or TT-control vs.TT-asthma); # denotes P < 0.05 (TT-asthma vs. ST-asthma) in Fig. 1b. * or ** denotes P < 0.05, P < 0.01 respectively between two groups in Fig. 1c,d (n = 6 mice per group).