Table 3. Examples of bivalent NDV-vectored vaccines used for poultry.
| Host | Pathogen | Vaccine type | Seed virus | Efficacy test | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seed virus | Antigen | Insert site | Animal model | Vaccinationa) (route/time/titer per dose) | ||||
| Chicken | HPAIV(A/H5) | Live | rLa-H5w | HA | P/M | Chicken | o.n./single/106 EID50 | [45] |
| HPAIV(A/H7) | Live | rNDV_F3aa-chimericH7 | HA | P/M | Chicken | e.d./single/105.7–6.1 EID50 | [46] | |
| IBDV | Live | rLaSota/VP2 | VP2 | 3' end | Chicken | e.d./single/104 EID50 | [51] | |
| IBV | Live | rLS/IBV.S2 | S2 | P/M | Chicken | e.d./single/106 EID50 | [52] | |
| ILTV | Live | rLS/ILTV-gB, rLS/ILTV-gD | gB, gD | P/M | Chicken | o.n./single/106 EID50 | [53] | |
| rNDV gB, rNDV gC, rNDV gD | gB, gC, gD | P/M | Chicken | o.n./twice/2×106 TCID50 | [54] | |||
| Turkey | aMPV | Live | rLS/aMPV-C G | G | F/HN | Chicken | o.n./single/106 TCID50 | [55] |
NDV, Newcastle disease virus; HPAIV, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; HA, hemagglutinin; o.n., oro-nasal; e.d., eye drop; IBDV, infectious bursal disease virus; IBV, infectious bronchitis virus; S2, spike subunit 2; ILTV, infectious laryngotrachitis virus; aMPV, avian metapneumovirus; G, glycoprotein.
a)Minimum test dose showing efficacy.