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. 2017 Aug 2;7:7133. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07325-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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p-EphA4/EphA4 and p-ephexin1/ephexin1 ratios in the brain regions of mice with the depression-like phenotype and the postmortem brains of depressed patients. (a) Schedule of social defeat stress (10 days), social interaction test and brain sample collection. (b and c) The ratios of p-EphA4/EphA4 and p-ephexin1/ephexin1 in the mouse brain regions from social defeat stress (susceptible) mice and control (unsusceptible) mice. Data represent the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 5 or 6). *P < 0.05 compared with the control group. N.S.: not significant (Student’s t-test). (d) Schedule of learned helplessness (LH) and brain sample collection. (e and f) The ratios of p-EphA4/EphA4 and p-Ephexin1/Ephexin1 in the rat brain regions from control, LH, and non-LH rats (n = 5–6). Data represent the mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.01 compared with the control group. N.S.: not significant. (g and h): The ratios of p-EphA4/EphA4 in the postmortem brain samples (parietal cortex and cerebellum) from control, depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder subjects. Data represent the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 15). *P < 0.05 compared with control group, N.S.: not significant.