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. 2017 Aug 2;7:7161. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07300-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Metformin cannot rescue the cystic phenotype in tsc1a morphants. Tg(wt1b:GFP) tsc1a morphants were immersed in embryo media (E3) containing 2.5 to 20 mM metformin until 48 hpf. (A) Representative images indicating prominent cystic pronephros (arrows) in Tg(wt1b:GFP) tsc1a morphants. Metformin does not affect the formation and severity of pronephric cysts. The upper panels show fluorescence images (dorsal view, anterior to the top). The lower panels show overlays of fluorescence (green) and transmission (grey) images of the upper panels. Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) Comparison of the cystic phenotype in different treatment groups. Data represent two independent experiments (n = 28–46 per group). ***P < 0.001, n.s. = not significant.