Retardation of protein mobility in native polyacrylamide gels with embedded soluble polysaccharides. The indicated proteins were separated by native 12% PAGE without polysaccharide (a), native PAGE including 0.2% (wt/vol) laminarin (b), and native PAGE including 0.2% (wt/vol) CMC (c) in the separation gel. The relative mobility (RM) of each protein compared with BSA and Trx tag protein under the given conditions is indicated. Lanes: 1, samples (5 μg) of BSA; 2, purified Trx tag protein, used as a control; 3, rLamC-ΔC; 4, purified rLamC. White and black arrows indicate the migration positions of rLamC-ΔC and rLamC, respectively.