Figure 2.

Effects of SAY09 exposure on the photosynthesis and chloroplast development under Cd stress. Six-day-old seedlings were cultured on 1/2 MS agar medium with or without 50 μM CdCl₂, after 12 d of exposure to SAY09 VOCs, and non-exposed plants as the controls. Then, these plants were used to measure total chlorophyll content (A), maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII (Fv/Fm) (B), photosynthetic rate (C), ΦPSII (D), leaf sections; Scale bar = 30 μm. (E) and chloroplast ultrastructure; Scale bar = 1 μm. (F). Different letters above each bar indicate significant difference at p < 0.05.