Table 1.
Reported cases of reduced vancomycin susceptible organisms causing exogenous endophthalmitis: clinical features, microbiology and treatment outcomes8–25
| Category (Author/year) |
Age/sex | VA (initial) | VA (final) | Treatment | Topical antibiotics | Systemic antibiotics | Isolates | Comment (outcome/ coexisting pathology) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| After cataract surgery | ||||||||
| Kumudhan et al, 2004 | 76/M | LP | HM | VB+IOAB (V+A) | CFC, G | CFC | Leuconostoc mesenteroides | (U) |
| Durkin et al, 2008 | 43/M | CF | 20/40 | VB+IOAB (V+C), PPV+IOAB (V+C) | NA | None | Leuconostoc species | (F) |
| Sharma et al, 2010 | 73/F | CFCF | 20/200 | PPV+IOAB (V+C) | Ch, G | Linezolid | Enterococci species | (F) ARMD |
| Das et al, 2011 | 57/M | HM | 20/60 | VB+IOAB (V+A) | MFC | None | CNS | (F) RD |
| Hernandez-Da Mota et al, 2011 | 55/M | HM | 20/40 | VB+IOAB (Q/D+C+D) | NA | None | CNS | (F) |
| Stroh et al, 2012 | 83/M | HM | 20/50 | PPV+ACW+RW+IOAB (Q/D+C) | V,C | Linezolid+minocycline—21 days, | Staphylococcus aureus | (F) |
| IOAB−Q/D+A | and R+M—3 months | |||||||
| 78/M | LP | CF | PPV+ACW+RW+IOAB (V+C) | V,C | Linezolid + minocycline—21 days, | Staphylococcus aureus | (F) CRVO | |
| IOAB (V+C) | and R+M—3 months | |||||||
| IOAB (Q/D+A) | ||||||||
| Khera et al, 2013 | 70/F | LP | LP | PPV+IOAB+IOL explants | V+A | Gatifloxacin | Staphylococcus epidermidis | (U) |
| 70/M | LP | 20/20 | PPV+IOAB | V+A | CFC | Bacillus species | (F) | |
| 60/M | LP | LP | PPV+IOAB | V+C | CFC | Enterococcus faecalis | (U) | |
| Won et al, 2013 | 80/M | CF | 20/400 | VB+IOAB (V+C) PPV+SOI +IOL explant | Tp+V | – | Staphylococcus hominis | (F) |
| After PK | ||||||||
| Bains et al, 2007 | 73/F | LP | 20/80 | PPV+IOAB (V+A) | V+G | Linezolid+ampicillin | Enterococcus faecium | (F) Pale disc |
| Hernandez et al, 2012 | 51/F | LP | LP | PPV+IOAB (V+C+D) | MFC, Cef | Linezolid for 1 week (iv) | Enterococcus species | (U) |
| After glaucoma surgery | ||||||||
| Tang et al, 2007 | 79/F | HM | HM (30 cm) | PPV+PPL+IOAB (V+A) IOAB – ampicillin | NA | Penicillin G | Enterococcus faecalis | (U) |
| After open globe | ||||||||
| Hillier et al, 2013 | 88/M | HM | 20/200 | PPV+PPL+IOFB−R+IOAB (V+C+D) IOAB – ampicillin +Amikacin | G | Ampicillin+clindamycin followed by MFC | Enterococcus gallinarum | (F) RD |
| Khera et al, 2013 | 20/M | LP | CF 1 m | CTR+PPV+IOAB (V+C) and PPV+membranectomy+IOAB (C+T) | CFC | CFC | Bacillus macerrans | (U) |
| 5/M | LP | LP | CTR+PPL+PPV+IOAB (V+C+A) | CFC | CFC | Bacillus cereus | (U) | |
| 4/F | HM | LP | CTR+PPL+PPV+IOAB (V+C) | CFC | CFC | Bacillus species | (U) | |
| After intravitreal injection | ||||||||
| Damasceno et al, 2015 | 89/M | LP | NLP | VB+IOAB (V+A), IOAB (A) twice | MFC | Gatifloxacin | Leuconostoc species | (U) |
This table excludes the four cases reported in references 5 and 6 as complete details were not available.
(F), favourable outcome; (U), unfavourable outcome; A, amikacin; ACW, anterior chamber wash; ARMD, age related macular degeneration; C, ceftazidime; Cef, ceftriaxone; CF 1 m, counting fingers at 1 m; CFC, ciprofloxacin; CFCF, counting fingers close to face; CF, counting fingers; Ch, chloramphenicol; CNS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; CRVO, central retinal vein occlusion; CTR, corneal tear repair; d, days; D, dexamethasone; F, female; G, gentamicin; HM, hand motions; IOAB, intravitreal antibiotics; IOFB-R, intraocular foreign body removal; iv, intravenous; LP, light perception; M, male; MFC, moxifloxacin; M, minocycline; NA, information not available; NLP, no light perception; PK, penetrating keratoplasty; PPL, pars plana lensectomy; PPV, pars plana vitrectomy; Q/D, quinupristin/dalfopristin; RD, retinal detachment; R, rifampin; RW, resuturing of wound; SOI, silicone oil injection; Tp, teicoplanin; T, triamcinolone; V, vancomycin; VA, visual acuity; VB, vitreous biopsy.