Table 4.
Multivariate linear mixed model for the independent association between treatment satisfaction and factors (n=1984)
| Factor | β | 95% CI | p Value |
| Age (1 year increase) | 0.02 | −0.01 to 0.05 | 0.181 |
| Sex | −0.33 | −0.85 to 0.19 | 0.212 |
| Diabetes duration (1 year increase) | 0.00 | −0.03 to 0.04 | 0.791 |
| Microvascular complications | −0.22 | −0.77 to 0.32 | 0.426 |
| Macrovascular complications | 0.76 | 0.21 to 1.31 | 0.007 |
| Current smoking | 0.51 | −0.29 to 1.30 | 0.211 |
| Diabetes education | 1.64 | 0.95 to 2.32 | <0.001 |
| Health status (EQ-5D-VAS) (1 unit increase*) | 0.08 | 0.07 to 0.10 | <0.001 |
| DTSQ2: perceived hyperglycaemia (1 unit increase†) | −0.32 | −0.50 to −0.13 | 0.001 |
| DTSQ3: perceived hypoglycaemia (1 unit increase†) | −0.24 | −0.61 to 0.13 | 0.176 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) (1 unit increase) | 0.03 | −0.02 to 0.08 | 0.181 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) (1 unit increase) | 0.00 | −0.02 to 0.01 | 0.571 |
| HbA1c (%) (1 unit increase) | −0.52 | −0.75 to −0.29 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) (1 unit increase) | −0.05 | −0.07 to −0.03 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) (1 unit increase) | −0.09 | −0.24 to 0.06 | 0.214 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) (1 unit increase) | −0.13 | −0.52 to 0.26 | 0.513 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) (1 unit increase) | 0.19 | −0.31 to 0.69 | 0.448 |
| Injection frequency (1 unit increase‡) | 0.24 | −0.36 to 0.84 | 0.401 |
Reference categories: sex = women; microvascular complications = no; macrovascular complications = no; smoking = no; diabetes education = no.
*On a 0–100 scale.
†On a seven-point Likert scale.
‡On a five-point Likert scale.
β, regression coefficient; DTSQ, Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire; EQ-5D-VAS, EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire Visual Analogue Scale; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ref., reference category; SBP, systolic blood pressure.