Table 2.
Circulating 25-OHD (nmol/L) | ||||||||
Overall | Quintile 1 (13.2–49.2) |
Quintile 2 (49.3–63.9) |
Quintile 3 (64.3–76.5) |
Quintile 4 (76.6–93.4) |
Quintile 5 (93.9–206) |
p Value | ||
2007–2010 | N | 737 | 194 | 153 | 139 | 143 | 108 | |
Age (year) | Mean (SE) | 60.8 (0.7) | 58.9 (1.3) | 59.8 (1.1) | 61.7 (1.4) | 64.3 (1.5) | 59.3 (2.0) | 0.35 |
Body mass index | 0.008 | |||||||
<18.5 | % | 2.0 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 3.9 | |
18.5–24.9 | % | 27.2 | 23.1 | 20.3 | 21.2 | 36.7 | 34.6 | |
25.0–29.9 | % | 34.0 | 24.7 | 45.5 | 34.1 | 30.4 | 35.6 | |
≥30 | % | 36.8 | 50.0 | 33.6 | 43.2 | 31.1 | 25.9 | |
Season | 0.1 | |||||||
Winter (November–April) | % | 32.6 | 39.7 | 32.7 | 34.2 | 22.4 | 33.9 | |
Summer (May–October) | % | 67.4 | 60.3 | 67.3 | 65.8 | 77.6 | 66.1 | |
Sex | 0.40 | |||||||
Male | % | 37.8 | 29.3 | 42.8 | 41.2 | 39.9 | 36.2 | |
Female | % | 62.2 | 70.7 | 57.2 | 58.8 | 60.1 | 63.8 | |
Race | <0.001 | |||||||
Non-Hispanic white | % | 82.6 | 57.3 | 81.9 | 88.8 | 91.5 | 94.1 | |
Non-Hispanic black | % | 8.2 | 20.9 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 2.2 | |
Hispanic and other | % | 9.2 | 21.8 | 10.6 | 5.9 | 3.6 | 3.7 | |
Smoking | 0.03 | |||||||
Never smoked | % | 47.5 | 48.5 | 55.1 | 48.9 | 43.1 | 43.8 | |
Former smoker | % | 35.1 | 26.2 | 25.8 | 43.3 | 43.0 | 37.2 | |
Current smoker | % | 17.4 | 25.3 | 19.1 | 9.8 | 13.9 | 19.0 | |
Vitamin D supplement use | <0.001 | |||||||
No | % | 48.5 | 81.8 | 61.1 | 46.1 | 32.8 | 20.0 | |
Yes | % | 51.5 | 18.2 | 38.9 | 53.9 | 67.2 | 80.0 | |
LTPA | 0.04 | |||||||
Inactive | % | 53.3 | 70.8 | 51.7 | 51.3 | 50.9 | 41.6 | |
Insufficiently active | % | 16.6 | 12.6 | 20.8 | 15.7 | 14.3 | 19.8 | |
Sufficiently active | % | 30.1 | 16.6 | 27.5 | 33.0 | 34.8 | 38.6 |
25-OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; LTPA, leisure-time physical activity; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.