Table 2.
Diagnosis, therapeutic management and outcome of primary cutaneous aspergillosis in preterm neonates
| N° [Ref] | Aspergillus species | Mode of diagnosis | Antifungal therapy (duration) | Surgery | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 [11] | A. flavus | Stain / culture | None | Excision | Died (unrelated, age 38d) |
| 2 [12] | A. flavus | Stain / culture | NR | NR | |
| 3 [19] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | AmB (60 mg/kg TD) and 5-FC (5d) | Cured/survived (FU 1 mo) | |
| 4 [19] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | None | Died (age 7d) | |
| 5 [33] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | LAmB (100,5 mg/kg TD) | Cured/survived (FU 3 mo) | |
| 6 [15] | A. fumigatus | Culture only | AmB (15.8 mg/kg TD) | Cured/survived (FU 40 d) | |
| 7 [34] | A. fumigatus | Culture only | AmB and 5-FC (4w) | Cured/survived (endophtalmitis 3 w after end of treatment) | |
| 8 [35] | A. niger | Stain / culture | AmB (40.5 mg/kg TD) | Cured/survived (NR) | |
| 9 [3] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | AmB (6.7 mg/kg TD) | Cured/survived (FU 1 y) | |
| 10 [13] | Aspergillus sp. | Culture only | AmB (32 mg TD/46d) and 5-FC (2w) | Abscess drainage | Cured/survived (age 3 mo) |
| 11 [16] | Aspergillus sp. | Stain only (autopsy) | None | Died (related; age 7 d) | |
| 12 [16] | A. fumigatus | Culture only | None | Died (related; age 10 d) | |
| 13 [16] | A. fumigatus, A. flavus | Culture / serum GM (+ stain at autopsy) | 5-FC (100 mg/kg/d/NR) | Died (related; time to death NR) | |
| 14 [16] | A. fumigatus | Culture / serum GM | LAmB (1.4–2.8 mg/kg/d/19d) | Cured/survived (age 20 mo) | |
| 15 [7] | A. niger | Culture only | AmB (0.25–1.0 mg/kg/d/6d) | Died (likely unrelated, time to death NR) | |
| 16 [20] | A. flavus | Stain / culture | NR | Died (unrelated; age 12 d) | |
| 17 [13] | A. flavus | Culture only | AmB 7d | Died (likely related; age 17 d) | |
| 18 [21] | A. flavus | Stain / culture | AmB | Died (related; time to death NR) | |
| 19 [5] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | AmB (1.5 mg/kg/d/22d) | Died (unrelated; age 40 d) | |
| 20 [36] | A. flavus | Stain / culture | LAmB (5 mg/kg/d /NR, after empiric AmB and fluconazole) | Died (likely related, time to death NR) | |
| 21 [25] | A. fumigatus, A. flavus | Stain / culture | AmB | Died (time to death NR) | |
| 22 [25] | A. flavus | Stain / culture | AmB | Died (time to death NR) | |
| 23 [25] | A. flavus | Stain / culture | AmB and 5-FC | Cured/survived (age NR) | |
| 24 [25] | A. flavus | Stain / culture | AmB | Died (time to death NR) | |
| 25 [25] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | AmB | Cured/survived (age NR) | |
| 26 [37] | A. fumigatus | Culture only | AmB (32 mg/kg TD, 40 d) | Cured/survived (age 146 d) | |
| 27 [32] | A. fumigatus | Culture only | LAmB (28d), then voriconazole (55d). Topical gentian violet and cyclopiroxolamine | Cured/survived (age NR) | |
| 28 [25] | A. niger | Culture only | LAmB (5d), then voriconazole (28d). Topical gentian violet and cyclopiroxolamine | Cured/survived (age NR) | |
| 29 [38] | A. fumigatus | Stain/culture | AmB lipid complex (7 mg/kg/d/3d), then LAmB (5 mg/kg/d/3w) + voriconazole (8 mg/kg/d/7w) + caspofungin (2 mg/kg/d/1w) replaced by micafungin (8 mg/kg/d/6w) | Cured/survived (19 mo) | |
| 30 [39] | A. fumigatus | Stain/culture | LAmB (5 mg/kg/d/10d) | Died (unrelated; age 16 d) | |
| 31 [17] | A. fumigatus | Culture (+ stain at autopsy) | LAmB (3,5 mg/kg/d/2d) | Died (related; age 13 d) | |
| 32 [18] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | AmB lipid complex (1d) | Died (likely related; age 6 d) | |
| 33 [18] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | AmB lipid complex alone then + caspofungin (total: 22d), then posaconazole (29d) | Cured/survived (age NR) | |
| 34 [18] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | AmB lipid complex (15d), then oral posaconazole (21d) | Cured/survived (age NR) | |
| 35 [40] | A. flavus | Stain / culture | LAmB (3 mg/kg/d/28d), then itraconazole (1 mg/kg/d/30d) | Cured/survived (age 3 y) | |
| 36 [41] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | LAmB (3 mg/kg/d/8d) | Excision | Cured/survived (age 3 y) |
| 37 [42] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | LAmB (5 mg/kg/d/14d) | Excision | Cured/survived (age 20 mo) |
| 38 [43] | A. fumigatus | Stain / culture | LAmB (21d) | Cured/survived (age NR) | |
| 39 [44] | A. fumigatus, A. nidulans | Culture / serum GM | LAmB (5 mg/kg/d/11d) alone then + voriconazole (6 mg/kg/d/2d, stopped because of toxic serum concentrations) | Died (unrelated; age 22 d) | |
| 40 Twin A | A. fumigatus | Culture / serum GM | LAmB (5 mg/kg/d/29d) | Cured/survived (age 66 d) | |
| 41 Twin B | A. fumigatus | Culture / serum GM | LAmB (5 mg/kg/d/9d) | Died (likely unrelated, age 18 d) |
NR not reported, GM galactomannan, AmB Amphotericin B deoxycholate, LAmB liposomal Amphotericin B, 5-FC 5-fluorocytosine, TD Total dose; FU Time to follow-up after end of treatment