Table 2.

Major markers for lupus susceptibility and monitoring

Histone modification marker	Expression level of target gene	Clinical correlation and SLE disease association	Possible mechanisms	Ref.
Histone methylation marker
H3K4 trimethylation	↑(PBMCs)	Positively correlated with disease severity	Several candidate genes related to SLE pathogenesis (such as PTPN22, LRP1B) are involved	[79]
Histone acetylation marker
H3K4 hypoacetylation	↑(CD4+ T cell)	Positively correlated with disease severity		[117]