Table 4.
Four ANC | Institutional delivery | C-section | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate AOR (95% CI) | Univariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate AOR (95% CI) | Univariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate AOR (95% CI) | |
Overall yearly trend | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.14 | 1.12 |
(1.15–1.20) | (1.15–1.19) | (1.14–1.18) | (1.15–1.19) | (1.11–1.18) | (1.09–1.15) | |
Ecological belt | ||||||
Mountain | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1.22 | 1.21 | 1.136 | 1.05 |
(1.17–1.29) | (1.19–1.32) | (1.16–1.28) | (1.14–1.27) | (1.02–1.25) | (0.91–1.19) | |
Hill | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.10 | 1.08 |
(1.12–1.19) | (1.14–1.20) | (1.09–1.16) | (1.12–1.17) | (1.05–1.15) | (1.04–1.13) | |
Terai | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.15 |
(1.16–1.22) | (1.15–1.20) | (1.16–1.22) | (1.16–1.22) | (1.13–1.23) | (1.11–1.20) | |
Rural-urban residence | ||||||
Urban | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.11 |
(1.06–1.13) | (1.08–1.14) | (1.05–1.11) | (1.08–1.14) | (1.06–1.15) | (1.07–1.15) | |
Rural | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.13 |
(1.17–1.22) | (1.17–1.21) | (1.16–1.21) | (1.16–1.21) | (1.12–1.20) | (1.09–1.17) | |
Age group | ||||||
15–19 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.23 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
(1.12–1.19) | (1.11–1.19) | (1.16–1.24) | (1.18–1.28) | (1.02–1.18) | (1.01–1.19) | |
20–29 | 1.174 | 1.18 | 1.152 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.12 |
(1.15–1.19) | (1.16–1.20) | (1.13–1.17) | (1.14–1.18) | (1.10–1.17) | (1.09–1.16) | |
30–39 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.16 |
(1.16–1.22) | (1.15–1.21) | (1.15–1.22) | (1.16–1.23) | (1.13–1.29) | (1.09–1.24) | |
≥40 | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.08 | 1.15 | 1.08 | 1.17 |
(1.08–1.24) | (1.10–1.30) | (1.01–1.15) | (1.07–1.24) | (0.98–1.18) | (1.00–1.37) | |
Wealth quintile | ||||||
Poorest | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.13 |
(1.19–1.27) | (1.18–1.26) | (1.13–1.22) | (1.11–1.19) | (1.04–1.27) | (1.02–1.25) | |
Poorer | 1.23 | 1.210 | 1.214 | 1.181 | 1.05 | 1.03 |
(1.19–1.28) | (1.170–1.251) | (1.174–1.254) | (1.141–1.222) | (0.942–1.171) | (0.91–1.16) | |
Middle | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.19 |
(1.17–1.24) | (1.15–1.22) | (1.19–1.26) | (1.17–1.25) | (1.13–1.31) | (1.11–1.28) | |
Richer | 1.22 | 1.18 | 1.25 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.15 |
(1.18–1.25) | (1.15–1.21) | (1.21–1.28) | (1.16–1.22) | (1.11–1.25) | (1.08–1.23) | |
Richest | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.11 |
(1.13–1.19) | (1.11–1.16) | (1.13–1.19) | (1.11–1.16) | (1.10–1.18) | (1.07–1.11) | |
Education level | ||||||
No education | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.10 | 1.13 |
(1.13–1.18) | (1.16–1.20) | (1.13–1.19) | (1.15–1.21) | (1.05–1.15) | (1.07–1.19) | |
Primary | 1.14 | 1.19 | 1.12 | 1.17 | 1.11 | 1.16 |
(1.11–1.17) | (1.16–1.23) | (1.08–1.14) | (1.14–1.21) | (1.05–1.18) | (1.09–1.23) | |
Secondary | 1.11 | 1.17 | 1.09 | 1.16 | 1.08 | 1.12 |
(1.08–1.13) | (1.14–1.19) | (1.06–1.11) | (1.13–1.18) | (1.03–1.12) | (1.08–1.16) | |
Higher | 1.12 | 1.19 | 1.06 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.12 |
(1.07–1.18) | (1.13–1.26) | (1.01–1.11) | (1.08–1.21) | (1.01–1.14) | (1.05–1.19) | |
Caste/ethnicity | ||||||
Dalit | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.12 | 1.13 |
(1.15–1.24) | (1.14–1.23) | (1.14–1.22) | (1.14–1.22) | (1.04–1.21) | (1.05–1.22) | |
Brahmin/Chettri | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.14 |
(1.15–1.21) | (1.14–1.19) | (1.13–1.19) | (1.12–1.17) | (1.13–1.23) | (1.09–1.18) | |
Terai Madhesi Other Caste | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.12 |
(1.12–1.22) | (1.11–1.19) | (1.14–1.26) | (1.13–1.25) | (1.06–1.25) | (1.04–1.21) | |
Newar | 1.14 | 1.108 | 1.134 | 1.135 | 1.064 | 1.030 |
(1.07-1.20) | (1.04-1.17) | (1.07-1.20) | (1.05-1.21) | (0.99-1.14) | (0.96-1.10) | |
Janajati | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.12 | 1.12 |
(1.18-1.25) | (1.18-1.25) | (1.15-1.22) | (1.15-1.22) | (1.06-1.18) | (1.05-1.19) | |
Muslim | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.35 | 1.39 |
(1.13-1.27) | (1.13-1.28) | (1.12-1.30) | (1.12-1.34) | (1.15-1.58) | (1.17-1.65) | |
Others | 1.23 | 1.09 | 1.33 | 1.31 | 1.15 | 1.01 |
(1.12-1.35) | (1.00-1.19) | (1.19-1.49) | (1.10-1.56) | (0.87-1.50) | (0.75-1.37) |