Table 2.
Characteristics of PICU admissions by readmission status
| Characteristic, % (95% CI) | Not readmitted n=99,532 (85%) | Readmitted n=15,625 (15%) |
|---|---|---|
| Male sex† | 55.9 (55.6–56.2) | 54.6 (53.8–55.4) |
| Age, months, median (IQR)* | 55 (12–150) | 46 (13–152) |
| Racea | ||
| Caucasian† | 51.9 (51.5–52.2) | 49.7 (48.8–50.6) |
| African American* | 18.6 (18.3–18.9) | 21.1 (20.4–21.9) |
| Hispanic* | 18.2 (17.9–18.5) | 19.8 (19.1–20.6) |
| Asian/Indian/Pacific Islander† | 2.7 (2.6–2.8) | 2.3 (2.1–2.6) |
| Other/mixed | 5.6 (5.4–5.7) | 5.2 (4.8–5.6) |
| Unspecified* | 3.1 (3–3.3) | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) |
| Insuranceb | ||
| Medicaid/Medicare/Government* | 51.1 (50.6–51.5) | 62.6 (61.4–63.7) |
| Commercial* | 43.7 (43.3–44.2) | 34.8 (33.6–35.9) |
| Self-Pay* | 3.2 (3.1–3.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) |
| Other† | 2 (1.8–2.1) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) |
| Complex chronic condition | ||
| No CCC* | 48 (47.7–48.3) | 13.8 (13.2–14.3) |
| 1 CCC* | 23.5 (23.2–23.7) | 18.3 (17.7–18.9) |
| 2 CCC* | 13.5 (13.3–13.8) | 18.6 (18–19.2) |
| ≥3 CCC* | 15 (14.8–15.2) | 49.4 (48.6–50.1) |
| Unplanned* | 68.1 (67.8–68.4) | 100 |
| Pre-/post-operative* | 37.7 (37.4–38) | 12.7 (12.2–13.2) |
| Origin | ||
| Emergency Department | 46.2 (45.9–46.5) | 45.5 (44.7–46.2) |
| OR/PACU/procedure suite* | 34.7 (34.4–35) | 9.5 (9.1–10) |
| General ward* | 11 (10.8–11.1) | 29.9 (29.1–30.6) |
| Another ICU* | 3.3 (3.2–3.4) | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) |
| Intermediate/telemetry unit* | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 7.1 (6.7–7.5) |
| Chronic/rehabilitation facility* | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.8 (0.7–1) |
| Outpatient/home* | 2.7 (2.6–2.8) | 5.2 (4.8–5.5) |
| Other | 0.5 (0.4–0.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) |
| Trauma* | 9.5 (9.3–9.7) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) |
| PIM2 risk of mortality, %, mean (SD)* | 2.2 (5.4) | 3.6 (8.1) |
| Invasive ventilation used during admission* | 29.6 (29.3–29.9) | 33.3 (32.6–34) |
| Disposition | ||
| General ward* | 65.5 (65.2–66.8) | 56 (55.2–56.8) |
| Another ICU | 2.3 (2.3–2.4) | 2 (1.8–2.2) |
| Intermediate/telemetry unit† | 12.1 (11.9–12.3) | 14.2 (13.7–14.8) |
| OR | 0.5 (0.4–0.5) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) |
| Chronic/rehabilitation facility* | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | 2 (1.8–2.2) |
| Home* | 17.8 (17.6–18) | 20.8 (20.2–21.5) |
| Hospice† | 0 (0–0.1) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) |
| Other† | 0.9 (0.9–1) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) |
| LOS, days, median (IQR)* | 1.6 (0.9–3.5) | 2.5 (1.1–6) |
CCC, complex chronic condition; CI, confidence interval; PACU, post-anesthesia care unit; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; OR, operating room; PIM, Paediatric Index of Mortality; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; SD, standard deviation
†
P < 0.05;
*
P ≤ 0.001 by chi2 test, t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test
a
Based on 72,558 (74%) index admissions from 55 sites that supplied race
b
Based on 41,847 (43%) index admissions from 30 sites that supplied insurance