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. 2017 Jul 31;5:e3615. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3615

Table 2. Comparison of pelvic floor ultrasound parameters between pregnant women with and without UI (n = 342).

UI (n = 135) Non-UI (n = 207) F P
R
α angle (°) 120.11 ± 15.63 118.53 ± 16.19 1.711 0.192
β angle (°) 66.94 ± 13.26 62.19 ± 11.43 11.271 0.001*
γ angle (°) 80.09 ± 8.59 78.10 ± 8.53 2.928 0.088
BNVP (cm) 2.59 ± 0.51 2.66 ± 0.48 0.833 0.362
HA (cm2) 11.64 ± 2.51 10.65 ± 1.98 12.250 0.001*
VM
α angle (°) 141.02 ± 16.44 137.07 ± 16.36 3.970 0.047*
β angle (°) 105.84 ± 28.88 93.91 ± 21.16 15.429 <0.001*
γ angle (°) 113.95 ± 15.60 110.03 ± 12.74 4.406 0.037*
BNVP (cm) 1.01 ± 1.03 1.47 ± 0.73 17.005 <0.001*
HA (cm2) 15.82 ± 3.53 13.24 ± 3.23 37.930 <0.001*
VM-R
α angle (°) 20.92 ± 12.18 18.54 ± 14.25 0.815 0.367
β angle (°) 38.90 ± 27.01 31.72 ± 18.94 5.977 0.015*
γ angle (°) 33.94 ± 14.72 31.93 ± 13.58 1.187 0.277
BNVP (cm) (BND) 1.59 ± 0.97 1.19 ± 0.69 14.459 <0.001*
HA (cm2) 4.18 ± 2.85 2.59 ± 2.31 24.279 <0.001*

Notes.

*

Significant difference between pregnant women with and without UI.

UI
urinary incontinence
R
at rest
VM
maximal Valsalva maneuver
VM-R
the difference of VM and rest
BNVP
bladder neck vertical position
BND
bladder neck descent
HA
hiatal area