Table 4.

Two-level models of daily positive events and AUC (log nmol/L) in 1,639 participants

Fixed Effect	Estimate (SE)
Model 1: Minimally-adjusted model
Intercept	25.790 (0.194)***
Wake time (WP)	−2.131 (0.130)***
Wake time (BP)	−1.277 (0.169)***
Daily positive events (WP)	−0.472 (0.262)†
Daily positive events (BP)	0.926 (0.716)
Model 2: Model including stressors
Intercept	25.782 (0.194)***
Wake time (WP)	−2.106 (0.130)***
Wake time (BP)	−1.254 (0.169)***
Daily positive events (WP)	−0.469 (0.262)†
Daily positive events (BP)	1.228 (0.744)†
Daily stressors (WP)	0.632 (0.223)**
Daily stressors (BP)	−1.135 (0.783)
Model 3: Fully-adjusted model
Intercept	25.340 (0.425)***
Wake time (WP)	−2.089 (0.130)***
Wake time (BP)	−1.121 (0.166)***
Daily positive events (WP)	−0.504 (0.263)†
Daily positive events (BP)	0.162 (0.765)
Daily stressors (WP)	0.591 (0.237)*
Daily stressors (BP)	0.741 (0.883)
Daily positive affect (WP)	0.316 (0.303)
Daily positive affect (BP)	−0.266 (0.343)
Daily negative affect (WP)	0.424 (0.561)
Daily negative affect (BP)	0.872 (1.049)
Age (per 10 years)	1.578 (0.166)***
Gender (1 = Male)	1.576 (0.391)***
Education (ref: High school)
Some college	0.157 (0.496)
Bachelor’s degree or higher	0.267 (0.497)
Self−rated physical health	0.449 (0.209)*
Medication use (1 = yes)	−0.919 (0.395)*
Mean daily cigarettes	0.191 (0.036)***
Depression (1 = yes)	−0.689 (0.681)
Optimism	0.317 (0.288)

Note. WP: within-person, BP: between-person. Within-person (Level 1) predictors were centered at the person-mean, and between-person (Level 2) predictors were centered at the grand mean. AUC with respect to ground was calculated using natural log transformed cortisol values. Daily Positive Events x Stressors interactions were non-significant and therefore were not included in the models presented. Level 2 random effects for intercept were significant in all models at p < 0.001.

^***p < 0.001,

^**p < 0.01,

^*p < 0.05,

^†p < 0.10