Table 5.

Crop Yield, Growth Cycle, and Long-Term Orientation of Second-Generation Migrants

	Long-Term Orientation
	Either Parent		Mother		Father		Both
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
Crop Yield (Ancestors, pre-1500)	2.34*** (0.79)	2.66*** (0.96)	3.25*** (1.10)	3.62*** (1.30)	2.48** (1.00)	3.13*** (1.12)	5.12** (2.42)	5.72** (2.48)
Crop Yield Change (post-1500)	0.55 (0.63)	0.70 (0.57)	0.47 (0.75)	1.06 (0.82)	0.53 (0.91)	0.41 (0.99)	1.78 (1.32)	2.07 (1.74)
Crop Growth Cycle (Ancestors, pre-1500)		−0.82 (0.98)		−1.08 (1.56)		−1.81 (1.42)		−2.29 (2.78)
Crop Growth Cycle Change (post-1500)		−0.15 (0.60)		−1.11* (0.65)		0.61 (0.81)		0.02 (1.31)
Country FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Individual Characteristics	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
All Geographical Controls & Neolithic	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Adjusted-R2	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.04
Observations	2584	2584	1596	1596	1686	1686	568	568

Notes: The table establishes that second generation migrant’s Long-Term Orientation is positively affected by pre-1500CE crop yield in the parental country of origin. All columns account for country of birth fixed effects, individual characteristics (age, gender, education, religiosity, health status) and geographical controls from the parental country of origin (absolute latitude, mean elevation above sea level, terrain roughness, distance to coast or river, landlocked and island dummies). All independent variables have been normalized by subtracting their mean and dividing by their standard deviation. Thus, all coefficients can be compared and show the effect of a one standard deviation in the independent variable. Heteroskedasticity robust standard error estimates clustered at the parental country of origin level are reported in parentheses;

^***denotes statistical significance at the 1% level,

^**at the 5% level, and

^*at the 10% level, all for two-sided hypothesis tests.