Table 9.
Crop Yield, Growth Cycle, and Long-Term Orientation: Regional-level Analysis based on WVS
| Share of Individuals in WVS Region with Long-Term Orientation | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Whole World | Old World | |||||||||||
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| Unweighted | Weighted: Area | Weighted: Area Share | Area | Share | ||||||||
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| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | |
| Crop Yield | 0.049*** (0.012) | 0.046*** (0.013) | 0.053*** (0.017) | 0.097*** (0.033) | 0.032** (0.012) | 0.031** (0.013) | 0.039*** (0.015) | 0.032** (0.013) | ||||
| Crop Growth Cycle | −0.010 (0.012) | −0.047** (0.021) | −0.024** (0.010) | −0.036*** (0.009) | −0.027*** (0.009) | −0.036*** (0.008) | ||||||
| Crop Yield (Ancestors) | 0.077*** (0.020) | 0.133*** (0.032) | 0.043** (0.017) | 0.041** (0.017) | ||||||||
| Crop Growth Cycle (Ancestors) | −0.012 (0.013) | −0.050*** (0.018) | −0.027*** (0.009) | −0.037*** (0.009) | ||||||||
| Absolute Latitude | −0.015 (0.020) | −0.018 (0.020) | −0.003 (0.020) | −0.017 (0.043) | 0.010 (0.043) | −0.047 (0.057) | −0.047 (0.056) | −0.005 (0.037) | −0.006 (0.036) | −0.047 (0.063) | −0.055 (0.036) | |
| Mean Elevation | −0.012 (0.013) | −0.012 (0.013) | −0.013 (0.013) | −0.002 (0.026) | −0.014 (0.027) | 0.014 (0.024) | 0.015 (0.024) | −0.007 (0.005) | −0.006 (0.005) | 0.019 (0.032) | −0.008 (0.008) | |
| Terrain Roughness | 0.016 (0.010) | 0.018* (0.011) | 0.006 (0.011) | 0.019 (0.023) | 0.010 (0.025) | −0.020 (0.031) | −0.021 (0.031) | 0.001 (0.010) | 0.000 (0.010) | −0.023 (0.039) | 0.006 (0.015) | |
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| Continental FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Country FE | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Additional Geographical Controls | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Old World Sample | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Weighted by Region Area | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Weighted by Region’s Share of Area | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Adjusted-R2 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.72 | 0.86 |
| Observations | 1356 | 1356 | 1356 | 1356 | 1356 | 1356 | 1356 | 1356 | 1356 | 1356 | 1143 | 1143 |
Notes: The table establishes the positive, statistically, and economically significant effect of potential crop yield on the share of individual’s with Long-Term Orientation across regions, accounting of country fixed effects. Additional geographical controls are percentage of land within 100 km of sea, landlocked dummy, and area suitable for agriculture. Columns (1)–(4) show the unweighted results; columns (5)–(8) weight observations according to the region’s area; columns (9)–(10) weight observations according to the region’s area as a share of the country’s area; and columns (11)–(12) conduct the analysis for the Old World Sample. All independent variables have been normalized by subtracting their mean and dividing by their standard deviation. Thus, all coefficients can be compared and show the effect of a one standard deviation increase in the independent variable on Long-Term Orientation. Heteroskedasticity robust standard error estimates clustered at the country level are reported in parentheses;
denotes statistical significance at the 1% level,
at the 5% level, and
at the 10% level, all for two-sided hypothesis tests.