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. 2017 Aug 3;12(8):e0182328. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182328

Fig 1. Determination of mycorrhizal and rhizobial colonization in P. vulgaris roots.

Fig 1

Control (uninoculated), mycorrhized (R. irregularis), and nodulated (R. tropici) root samples were assessed at different time points for symbiotic colonization. (A) Percent mycorrhizal root length colonization. (B) RT-qPCR analysis of mycorrhizal-induced PvPT4 transcript levels. (C) Total shoot phosphorus concentration. (D) Representative image showing fungal structures in trypan blue-stained roots at 2 weeks post inoculation (wpi) with R. irregularis. (E) Nodule density. (F) RT-qPCR analysis of rhizobial-induced PvNIN transcript levels. (G) Nitrogen-fixing activity measured by acetylene reduction assay. (H) Representative image showing root nodules at 2 wpi with R. tropici. erh, extraradical hyphae; h, hyphopodia; irh, intraradical hyphae, v, vesicle; a, arbuscule; n, nodule. Error bars on the graphs represent mean ± SD of three biological replicates (n = 9). Statistically significant differences are indicated by asterisks (unpaired two-tailed Student´s t test; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001).